Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34357475›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2022

Identification of factors for a successful implementation of medication reviews in community pharmacies: Using Positive Deviance in pharmaceutical care.

Isabell Waltering, Oliver Schwalbe, Georg Hempel

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Isabell WalteringInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149, Muenster, Germany. i.waltering@uni-muenster.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-8603
Oliver SchwalbeDepartment of Education and Training, Pharmacists' Chamber of Westphalia-Lippe, Bismarckallee 25, 48151, Muenster, Germany.
Georg HempelInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149, Muenster, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-6423
University of Münster · DELandschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Pharmacists in community pharmacies worldwide successfully conduct an increasing number of medication reviews (MR). Since June 2012 MR are incorporated in the German ordinance on the operation of pharmacies as pharmaceutical service. In November 2014, a German guideline for MR was established. Different teaching programmes for MR were implemented since. Despite these favorable conditions, only few pharmacies conduct MR regularly.

objectiveIdentification of factors necessary for a successful implementation of MR in community pharmacies.

settingCommunity pharmacies located in the area of the Pharmacists'  Chamber Westphalia-Lippe (Part of Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany).

methodFollowing a Positive-Deviance approach, telephone interviews were conducted in community pharmacies with pharmacy-owners, MR-trained employed pharmacists, and technicians. Data evaluation was performed using qualitative content analysis. MAIN OUTCOME

resultsSuccessful strategies for implementing MR in community pharmacies.

resultsForty-four interviews were conducted and analysed. Thirty-three success factors were identified. Data analysis revealed two groups of success-factors important for implementation of MR; organisational (n = 25) and individual factors (n = 8). Relevant organisational success-factor were involvement of the entire team with active involvement of technicians, documentation of results in the pharmacy software and training in patient-identification and communication. Restructuring of workflows increased time-periods for MR. Important individual success-factors were: motivation and identification with the service, routine in execution to enhance self-esteem, and specialisation in pharmacotherapy of particular diseases. Pharmacy-owners play a pivotal role as motivators. Professional healthcare attitude, exhibited in daily routine, leads to increased acceptance by patients and practitioners and thus increases implementation-rates considerably.

conclusionWe were able to define strategies for successful implementation of MR in community pharmacies.

Indexed as

Community Pharmacy ServicesPharmaciesHumansMedication ReviewPharmacistsProfessional RoleCommunity pharmacyImplementationMedication reviewPositive DevianceSuccess factor

Identifiers

PMID34357475
PMCPMC8866257
OpenAlexW3189780951

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.