ArticleMembranes2021
Electron Microscopic Confirmation of Anisotropic Pore Characteristics for ECMO Membranes Theoretically Validating the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Permeation.
Article in Membranes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Condensation in a Membrane Oxygenator Analyzed by Bronchoscopy and Ultrasonography.Artificial organs · 2026Article
- Determining Accurate Pore Structures of Polypropylene Membrane for ECMO Using FE-SEM Under Optimized Conditions.Membranes · 2025Article
- Long-term in vivo performance of silicone membrane lungs coated with novel methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymers: A pilot study.Artificial organs · 2025Article
- Characterization of anisotropic pore structure and dense selective layer of capillary membranes for long-term ECMO by cross-sectional ion-milling method.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025Article
- 3D porous structure imaging of membranes for medical devices using scanning probe microscopy and electron microscopy: from membrane science points of view.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2024Review
- Evolutions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO): perspectives for advanced hollow fiber membrane.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2024Review
- Polymerization of Allyltrimethylisilane and 4-Methyl-1-Pentene by Using Metallocene Catalysts.Polymers · 2023Article
- Insights into Gradient and Anisotropic Pore Structures of CapioxMembranes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to clarify the pore structure of ECMO membranes by using our approach and theoretically validate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 permeation. There has not been any direct evidence for SARS-CoV-2 leakage through the membrane in ECMO support for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The precise pore structure of recent membranes was elucidated by direct microscopic observation for the first time. The three types of membranes, polypropylene, polypropylene coated with thin silicone layer, and polymethylpentene (PMP), have unique pore structures, and the pore structures on the inner and outer surfaces of the membranes are completely different anisotropic structures. From these data, the partition coefficients and intramembrane diffusion coefficients of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified using the membrane transport model. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may permeate the membrane wall with the plasma filtration flow or wet lung. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 permeation is completely different due to each anisotropic pore structure. We theoretically demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is highly likely to permeate the membrane transporting from the patient's blood to the gas side, and may diffuse from the gas side outlet port of ECMO leading to the extra-circulatory spread of the SARS-CoV-2 (ECMO infection). Development of a new generation of nanoscale membrane confirmation is proposed for next-generation extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and system with long-term durability is envisaged.
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