ReviewBiomedicines2021
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Treatment: An Update.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive analysis of Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS)/the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy among patients with advanced cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Bridging BET bromodomain and immune checkpoint inhibitors through generative bioorganic frameworks for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Spatial architecture of the melanoma immune niche reveals CORO1A as a functional hub for T cell cytotoxicity and immunotherapy synergy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bi-directional regulation between NAD/NAMPT and IFN-γ/PD-L1 axes via BRD4/IRF1 and mitochondrial respiration in metastatic cutaneous melanoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Boosting the Activity of Melanoma-Targeting CAR-T Cells in the Presence of Citrate by the Application of Gluconate.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma: Anti-PD-1, Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-LAG-3 Therapies.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Autophagy and mitophagy in dermatological disease: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways to therapeutic frontiers.Biology direct · 2025Review
- Exploring correlations between gut mycobiome and lymphocytes in melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Rationales of Cold Plasma Jet Therapy in Skin Cancer.Experimental dermatology · 2025Review
- Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Data Reveals Complexity and Significance of the Melanoma Interactome.Cancers · 2025Article
- Senescent immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: emerging insights into cancer immunotherapy resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A landscape of checkpoint blockade resistance in cancer: underlying mechanisms and current strategies to overcome resistance.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- Efficacy and prognostic factors of anti-PD1 and nivolumab-ipilimumab therapy in advanced melanoma patients resistant to prior ICI treatment.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Prognostic Value of CXCR6 and the Correlation with Immune Infiltration in the Microenvironment of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Review
- Gut microbiome influences efficacy of Endostatin combined with PD-1 blockade against colorectal cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Tumor characteristics of dissociated response to immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced melanoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Exploring resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies in melanoma.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Stringent monitoring can decrease mortality of immune checkpoint inhibitor induced cardiotoxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma and ensured significant improvement in overall survival versus chemotherapy. ICI or targeted therapy are now the first line treatment in advanced melanoma, depending on the tumor v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutational status. While these new approaches have changed the outcomes for many patients, a significant proportion of them still experience lack of response, known as primary resistance. Mechanisms of primary drug resistance are not fully elucidated. However, many alterations have been found in ICI-resistant melanomas and possibly contribute to that outcome. Furthermore, some tumors which initially responded to ICI treatment ultimately developed mechanisms of acquired resistance and subsequent tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of tumor primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICI and discuss future perspectives with regards to new molecular targets and combinatorial therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.