ReviewBiomolecules2021
Role of Purinergic Signalling in Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombo-Inflammation in Ischaemic Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin C Intake and Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Loss of cerebral autoregulation drives abnormal perfusion patterns after stroke.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Blood-Based Biomarkers for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3 and cognitive decline in Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Aquaporin-4 deficiency induced white matter injury via upregulated complement component 3 in cerebral small vessel disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause mortality in critically ill non-diabetic ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- The endothelial activation and stress index as a key prognostic marker in severe ischemic stroke.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Article
- Nanotechnology for ischemic stroke treatment: addressing challenges across stroke management stages.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Immunological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: From Inflammatory Response to Neurorepair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid: a possible risk factor of endothelial dysfunction based on in silico and in vitro studies.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- How endothelial cell metabolism shapes blood-brain barrier integrity in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights into the sleep-glymphopathy-cerebral small vessel disease loop: implications for epilepsy pathophysiology and therapy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- A Combination of Astragaloside IV and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the mechanism ofActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Environmental Impacts on Cardiovascular Health and Biology: An Overview.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Association of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study based on dose-response analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Metabolomics: A useful tool for ischemic stroke research.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The cerebral endothelium is an active interface between blood and the central nervous system. In addition to being a physical barrier between the blood and the brain, the endothelium also actively regulates metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone and permeability, coagulation, and movement of immune cells. Being part of the blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells of the brain have specialized morphology, physiology, and phenotypes due to their unique microenvironment. Known cardiovascular risk factors facilitate cerebral endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vasodilation, an aggravated inflammatory response, as well as increased oxidative stress and vascular proliferation. This culminates in the thrombo-inflammatory response, an underlying cause of ischemic stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). These events are further exacerbated when blood flow is returned to the brain after a period of ischemia, a phenomenon termed ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine. After ischemia and CSVD, eATP is released from dying neurons as a damage molecule, triggering thrombosis and inflammation. In contrast, adenosine is anti-thrombotic, protects against oxidative stress, and suppresses the immune response. Evidently, therapies that promote adenosine generation or boost CD39 activity at the site of endothelial injury have promising benefits in the context of atherothrombotic stroke and can be extended to current CSVD known pathomechanisms. Here, we have reviewed the rationale and benefits of CD39 and CD39 therapies to treat endothelial dysfunction in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.