ReviewBiology2021
GSK-3β in Pancreatic Cancer: Spotlight on 9-ING-41, Its Therapeutic Potential and Immune Modulatory Properties.
Review in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elraglusib and chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Elraglusib, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitor, plus Chemotherapy with or without Immunotherapy in Patients with Recurrent, Metastatic Salivary Gland Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- GSK3βGut · 2026Article
- Targeting stromal components in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a review.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Review
- Anti-Cancer Effect of Sulforaphane in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Mia PaCa-2.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Targeted inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 using 9-ING-41 (elraglusib) enhances CD8 T-cell-reactivity against neuroblastoma cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3β: the nexus of chemoresistance, invasive capacity, and cancer stemness in pancreatic cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Review
- A comprehensive AI-driven analysis of large-scale omic datasets reveals novel dual-purpose targets for the treatment of cancer and aging.Aging cell · 2023Article
- GSK-3 Inhibitor Elraglusib Enhances Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Activation in Tumor Biopsies and Synergizes with Anti-PD-L1 in a Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- GSK-3 inhibitor elraglusib enhances tumor-infiltrating immune cell activation in tumor biopsies and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 in a murine model of colorectal cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Long non‑coding RNA 01614 hyperactivates WNT/β‑catenin signaling to promote pancreatic cancer progression by suppressing GSK‑3β.International journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- PPA1, an energy metabolism initiator, plays an important role in the progression of malignant tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Combination Approaches to Target PD-1 Signaling in Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed molecule with pleiotropic function. It acts as a protooncogene in the development of several solid tumors including pancreatic cancer through its involvement in various cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis, as well as autophagy. Furthermore, the level of aberrant glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta expression in the nucleus is inversely correlated with tumor differentiation and survival in both in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer. Small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta have demonstrated therapeutic potential in pre-clinical models and are currently being evaluated in early phase clinical trials involving pancreatic cancer patients with interim results showing favorable results. Moreover, recent studies support a rationale for the combination of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, warranting the evaluation of novel combination regimens in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.