ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Arbutin as a Skin Depigmenting Agent with Antimelanogenic and Antioxidant Properties.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Production of Anti-melanogenic Glucosides via Molecular Docking-guided Biotransformation of p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Isolation and Anti-Melanogenic Activity of Polycarpol fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Arbutin-A Hydroquinone Glycoside: Journey from Food Supplement to Cutting-Edge Medicine.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Directed Bioactive Strategies in Skin Aging: Mechanistic Insights and Precision Nanocarrier Delivery Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cyclodextrin-Based Delivery Systems in Cosmeceuticals: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Decoding Hyperpigmentation from Biological Mechanisms to Actives with Clinically Proven Topical Efficacy: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Pectin Supplementation Improves Probiotic Survival and Preserves Bioactive Compounds of Fermented Pear Juice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health Implications of Colorism: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Anti-Photoaging and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of a NovelJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Skin-whitening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects ofCytotechnology · 2026Article
- State-of-the-Art Review on Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Microbial Metabolites: Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Immunity, Metabolic Health, and Chronic Disease Prevention.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Translational Evaluation of a Disodium Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP2Na)-Based Topical Formulation for Physiology-Aligned Skin Rejuvenation: Integrated In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Pschorr Reaction: Recent Advances and Application in Heterocyclic Synthesis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Leptospermone acts as a predominantly non-competitive β-triketone inhibitor of tyrosinase.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Passion Fruit Seed Oil as a Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Extraction Optimization, Multi-Mechanism Elucidation, and Efficacy Validation in Zebrafish.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Identification of Diosmetin, Arbutin, and Phenyl Glucoside as Novel Inhibitors from Origanum majorana Targeting Human Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme: Insight from Virtual Screening, MD Simulation and Density Functional Theory.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- 2-Methoxystypandrone fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Skin metabolomic response to medicinal shrub Myrothamnus flabellifolia and effect on skin phenotypes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel Tyrosinase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: 1,3-Bisbenzylphenylphenol and Congeners as Cosmetic Whitening Agents Based on Natural Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biocosmetic Potential of Xylaria psidii, an Endophyte of Aegle marmelos.Current microbiology · 2026Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Arbutin is a compound of hydroquinone and D-glucose, and it has been over 30 years since there have been serious studies on the skin lightening action of this substance. In the meantime, there have been debates and validation studies about the mechanism of action of this substance as well as its skin lightening efficacy and safety. Several analogs or derivatives of arbutin have been developed and studied for their melanin synthesis inhibitory action. Formulations have been developed to improve the stability, transdermal delivery, and release of arbutin, and device usage to promote skin absorption has been developed. Substances that inhibit melanin synthesis synergistically with arbutin have been explored. The skin lightening efficacy of arbutin alone or in combination with other active ingredients has been clinically evaluated. Combined therapy with arbutin and laser could give enhanced depigmenting efficacy. The use of arbutin causes dermatitis rarely, and caution is recommended for the use of arbutin-containing products, especially from the viewpoint that hydroquinone may be generated during product use. Studies on the antioxidant properties of arbutin are emerging, and these antioxidant properties are proposed to contribute to the skin depigmenting action of arbutin. It is hoped that this review will help to understand the pros and cons of arbutin as a cosmetic ingredient, and will lead to future research directions for developing advanced skin lightening and protecting cosmetic products.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.