Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34356345›Full record

ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Optimisation of Bee Pollen Extraction to Maximise Extractable Antioxidant Constituents.

Ivan Lozada Lawag, Okhee Yoo, Lee Yong Lim, Katherine Hammer, Cornelia Locher

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Purification of Spent Hop Cone (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ivan Lozada LawagCooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8805-3697
Okhee YooDivision of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
Lee Yong LimDivision of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7307-0742
Katherine HammerCooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
Cornelia LocherCooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8773-3036
The University of Western Australia · AU

Funding

Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Project 33
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive review on common bee pollen processing methods which can impact extraction efficiency and lead to differences in measured total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) data. This hampers the comparative analysis of bee pollen from different floral sources and geographical locations. Based on the review, an in-depth investigation was carried out to identify the most efficient process to maximise the extraction of components for measurement of TPC, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activity for two bee pollen samples from western Australia (Jarrah and Marri pollen). Optimisation by Design of Experiment with Multilevel Factorial Analysis (Categorical) modelling was performed. The independent variables included pollen pulverisation, the extraction solvent (70% aqueous ethanol, ethanol, methanol and water) and the extraction process (agitation, maceration, reflux and sonication). The data demonstrate that non-pulverised bee pollen extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol using the agitation extraction method constitute the optimal conditions to maximise the extraction of phenolics and antioxidant principles in these bee pollen samples.

Indexed as

2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)antioxidant activitybee pollenextractionferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)JarrahMarrimultilevel factor analysis (MFA)optimisationreviewtotal phenolic content (TPC)

Identifiers

PMID34356345
PMCPMC8301099
OpenAlexW3177999223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.