ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Six-Month Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Patients and Their Family Members: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05348720 (Impact of a COVID-19 Related ICU Stay on Mental Health for Patients and Their Relatives. An Exploratory 18-month Follow-up Study for COVID-19 ICU Survivors and Their Relatives.), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of a COVID-19 Related ICU Stay on Mental Health for Patients and Their Relatives. An Exploratory 18-month Follow-up Study for COVID-19 ICU Survivors and Their Relatives.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Family: A Concept Analysis.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Rehabilitation and Social Determinants of Health in Critical Illness Recovery Literature: A Systematic Review.Critical care explorations · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 at 6 Months and Above: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Pooled it
- Development and validation of a post-ICU syndrome in family caregivers scale (PICS-F Scale).BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Reflections and Practical Insights on Communication and Care for Patients and Families in Japanese Intensive Care Units During COVID-19: A Semi-structured Interview Study of Healthcare Providers.Asian bioethics review · 2026Article
- Depression, but Not Fatigue, Improves as Part of Multimodal Post-COVID Rehabilitation.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Anxiety, depression and distress in family members of people who have experienced a critical care admission: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- The 1-Year Functional Recovery From Severe COVID-19 in a Swedish Working-Age Cohort.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Predicting work ability impairment in post COVID-19 patients: a machine learning model based on clinical parameters.Infection · 2025Article
- Outcomes in Patients with Long COVID-19 One Year After their Discharge from Intensive Care Units.Cureus · 2025Article
- Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Family.Critical care clinics · 2025Review
- Long-term health outcomes of COVID-19 in ICU- and non-ICU-treated patients up to 2 years after hospitalization: a longitudinal cohort study (CO-FLOW).Journal of intensive care · 2024Article
- Evaluating Mental Health Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Survivors: A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Fatigue and cognitive dysfunction in previously hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A 1-year follow-up.PloS one · 2024Article
- Return to work after hospitalization for sepsis: a nationwide, registry-based cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- Return to work and health-related quality of life up to 1 year in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: the CO-FLOW study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a major influx of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 ICU-survivors and the impact on family members. This study aimed to gain an insight into the long-term physical, social and psychological functioning of COVID-19 ICU-survivors and their family members at three- and six-months following ICU discharge.
methodsA single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 ICU-survivors and their family members. Participants received questionnaires at three and six months after ICU discharge. Physical functioning was evaluated using the MOS Short-Form General Health Survey, Clinical Frailty Scale and spirometry tests. Social functioning was determined using the McMaster Family Assessment Device and return to work. Psychological functioning was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
resultsSixty COVID-19 ICU-survivors and 78 family members participated in this study. Physical functioning was impaired in ICU-survivors as reflected by a score of 33.3 (IQR 16.7-66.7) and 50 (IQR 16.7-83.3) out of 100 at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, respectively. Ninety percent of ICU-survivors reported persistent symptoms after 6 months. Social functioning was impaired since 90% of COVID-19 ICU-survivors had not reached their pre-ICU work level 6 months after ICU-discharge. Psychological functioning was unaffected in COVID-19 ICU-survivors. Family members experienced worse work status in 35% and 34% of cases, including a decrease in work rate among 18.3% and 7.4% of cases at 3- and 6-months post ICU-discharge, respectively. Psychologically, 63% of family members reported ongoing impaired well-being due to the COVID-19-related mandatory physical distance from their relatives.
conclusionCOVID-19 ICU-survivors suffer from a prolonged disease burden, which is prominent in physical and social functioning, work status and persisting symptoms among 90% of patients. Family members reported a reduction in return to work and impaired well-being. Further research is needed to extend the follow-up period and study the effects of standardized rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients and their family members.
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