ArticleBrain sciences2021
Gender Differences in Misdiagnosis and Delayed Diagnosis among Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder with No Language or Intellectual Disability.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adolescent Boys.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Pooled it
- Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder risk among autistic individuals: a population-based matched cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of an AI-Driven Conversational Platform for Structured Autism History Taking and Referral Support: Mixed Methods Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Remimazolam besylate for intravenous sedation in dental procedures for patients with cognitive disabilities: a prospective single-arm observational study.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- Circadian preference and quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a Brazilian cross-sectional self-reported survey.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the global burden of autism spectrum disorders: An analysis based on GBD 2021 data.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- The relationship between speed and curvature differs in autistic and non-autistic tracing movements.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Adult Females with Late Diagnosis of ASD and ADHD in the UK.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Case Report: Autism-like phenomenology in functional neurological disorder in the social-media era: over- and under-diagnosis of autism as a bidirectional clinical problem.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Regulating with food: a qualitative study of Neurodivergent experiences in adults with binge eating disorder.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Finding the Prevalence of Autism in Female Mental Illness: Improving Child Development for an Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Population.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- It is More Anxiousness than Role-playing: Social Camouflaging Conceptualization Among Adults on the Autism Spectrum Compared to Persons with Social Anxiety Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Using Photovoice Methods to Set Research Priorities With Autistic People With Experience of an Eating Disorder.Journal of clinical psychology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic challenges of autism spectrum disorder in women without intellectual or language impairments: a narrative review.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Male and Female Healthcare Trajectories in Autism: Are There Any Differences Considering Age at Diagnosis and Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities Status?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Pathways to autism diagnosis in adulthood.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Associations Between Social Functioning and Indicators of University Student Engagement.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- [Advances in research on gender differences in autism spectrum disorders].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Review
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Early Diagnostic Tools of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often unrecognized, especially in mild forms and in women. Studies evaluating features associated with missed/misdiagnosis in men and women with ASD are warranted. 61 subjects (22 females, 39 males, age 28.5 ± 10.8 years) with ASD with no language/intellectual deficit were enrolled in the service for the treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in adults with ASD of the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco in Milan (Italy). A detailed clinical history was gathered, and two self-report questionnaires (Autism Spectrum Quotient-AQ and Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum-AdAS Spectrum) were administered. 75.4% received their ASD diagnosis average eight years later than the first evaluation by mental health services. Compared to males, females showed a significantly greater delay in referral to mental health services and a significantly higher age at diagnosis of ASD. Among men, diagnostic delay inversely correlated with scores on the AdAS Spectrum total, Verbal communication, Empathy and Inflexibility and adherence to routine domains. Among women, diagnostic delay positively correlated with the Attention to detail score while the age at diagnosis of ASD positively correlated with the AdAS Spectrum Verbal communication and Restricted interests and rumination domain scores. Females were less likely to be correctly diagnosed and more likely to be misdiagnosed at first evaluation than men. Females reported significantly higher scores than men in the Hyper/Hyporeactivity to sensory input domain only among subjects who were misdiagnosed. Our findings provide gender-specific information about ASD patients seeking help for comorbid conditions and might be a primary ground for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.