Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34355873›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2021

Trends in cancer imaging by indication, care setting, and hospital type during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery at four hospitals in Massachusetts.

Ottavia Zattra, Anthony Fraga, Nancy Lu, Michael S Gee, Raymond W Liu, Michael H Lev, James A Brink, Sanjay Saini, Min Lang, Marc D Succi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Impacts of a Public Health Emergency on Cancer Testing Rates, Follow-up, and Cancer Diagnosis: An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Geographic variability in contemporary utilization of PET imaging for prostate cancer: a medicare claims cohort study.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025
    Article
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  9. Trends in Academic Productivity Among Radiologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · 2023
    Article
  10. Observational
  11. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural and urban cancer patients' experiences, health behaviors, and perceptions.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2022
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  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ottavia ZattraHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6503-0778
Anthony FragaHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nancy LuHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael S GeeHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Raymond W LiuHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael H LevHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
James A BrinkHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Sanjay SainiHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Min LangHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Marc D SucciHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1518-3984
Harvard University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on computed tomography (CT) imaging of cancer.

methodsCancer-related CTs performed at one academic hospital and three affiliated community hospitals in Massachusetts were retrospectively analyzed. Three periods of 2020 were considered as follows: pre-COVID-19 (1/5/20-3/14/20), COVID-19 peak (3/15/20-5/2/20), and post-COVID-19 peak (5/3/20-11/14/20). 15 March 2020 was the day a state of emergency was declared in MA; 3 May 2020 was the day our hospitals resumed to non-urgent imaging. The volumes were assessed by (1) Imaging indication: cancer screening, initial workup, active cancer, and surveillance; (2) Care setting: outpatient and inpatient, ED; (3) Hospital type: quaternary academic center (QAC), university-affiliated community hospital (UACH), and sole community hospitals (SCHs).

resultsDuring the COVID-19 peak, a significant drop in CT volumes was observed (-42.2%, p < 0.0001), with cancer screening, initial workup, active cancer, and cancer surveillance declining by 81.7%, 54.8%, 30.7%, and 44.7%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the post-COVID-19 peak period, cancer screening and initial workup CTs did not recover (-11.7%, p = 0.037; -20.0%, p = 0.031), especially in the outpatient setting. CT volumes for active cancer recovered, but inconsistently across hospital types: the QAC experienced a 9.4% decline (p = 0.022) and the UACH a 41.5% increase (p < 0.001). Outpatient CTs recovered after the COVID-19 peak, but with a shift in utilization away from the QAC (-8.7%, p = 0.020) toward the UACH (+13.3%, p = 0.013). Inpatient and ED-based oncologic CTs increased post-peak (+20.0%, p = 0.004 and +33.2%, p = 0.009, respectively).

conclusionsCancer imaging was severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. CTs for cancer screening and initial workup did not recover to pre-COVID-19 levels well into 2020, a finding that suggests more patients with advanced cancers may present in the future. A redistribution of imaging utilization away from the QAC and outpatient settings, toward the community hospitals and inpatient setting/ED was observed.

Indexed as

COVID-19Emergency Service, HospitalHospitalsHumansInpatientsMassachusettsNeoplasmsOutpatientsPandemicsRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Tomography, X-Ray ComputedcancerCOVID-19 pandemicimagingmedicalneoplasmstomographyX-ray computed

Identifiers

PMID34355873
PMCPMC8420511
OpenAlexW3192311307

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.