ArticleThe Journal of experimental biology2021
In vivo human gracilis whole-muscle passive stress-sarcomere strain relationship.
Article in The Journal of experimental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of skeletal muscle passive mechanics experimental methodology.Journal of biomechanics · 2021Pooled it
- Modeling implications of the relationship between active and passive skeletal muscle mechanical properties.Journal of biomechanics · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Procedures for obtaining muscle physiology parameters during a gracilis free-functioning muscle transfer in adult patients with brachial plexus injury.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- In vivo assessment of the passive stretching response of the bicompartmental human semitendinosus muscle using shear-wave elastography.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Article
- Biomechanical Modeling of Brachialis-to-Wrist Extensor Muscle Transfer Function for Daily Activities in Tetraplegia.JB & JS open accessArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
We measured the passive mechanical properties of intact, living human gracilis muscles (n=11 individuals, 10 male and 1 female, age: 33±12 years, mass: 89±23 kg, height: 177±8 cm). Measurements were performed in patients undergoing surgery for free-functioning myocutaneous tissue transfer of the gracilis muscle to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury. Whole-muscle force of the gracilis tendon was measured in four joint configurations (JC1-JC4) with a buckle force transducer placed at the distal tendon. Sarcomere length was also measured by biopsy from the proximal gracilis muscle. After the muscle was removed, a three-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the muscle was created via photogrammetry. Muscle length from JC1 to JC4 increased by 3.3±1.0, 7.7±1.2, 10.5±1.3 and 13.4±1.2 cm, respectively, corresponding to 15%, 34%, 46% and 59% muscle fiber strain, respectively. Muscle volume and an average optimal fiber length of 23.1±0.7 cm yielded an average muscle physiological cross-sectional area of 6.8±0.7 cm2 which is approximately 3 times that measured previously from cadaveric specimens. Absolute passive tension increased from 0.90±0.21 N in JC1 to 16.50±2.64 N in JC4. As expected, sarcomere length also increased from 3.24±0.08 µm at JC1 to 3.63±0.07 µm at JC4, which are on the descending limb of the human sarcomere length-tension curve. Peak passive muscle stress was 27.8±5.5 kPa in JC4 and muscle modulus ranged from 44.8 MPa in JC1 to 125.7 MPa in JC4. Comparison with other mammalian species indicates that human muscle passive mechanical properties are more similar to rodent muscle than to rabbit muscle. These data provide direct measurements of whole-human muscle passive mechanical properties that can be used in modeling studies and for understanding comparative passive mechanical properties among mammalian muscles.
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