ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
Association of Social Determinants of Health and Their Cumulative Impact on Hospitalization Among a National Sample of Community-Dwelling US Adults.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of social stressors and social determinants of health (SDOH) on cancer beliefs: Analysis of a cancer center catchment area.Journal of psychosocial oncology · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health diagnosis codes in in-person and telehealth visits during pregnancy in the United States, 2020-2025: a repeated cross-sectional and case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Social needs screening in hepatology clinic: a qualitative study of patient experience.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Examining the relationship between social risk factors, diabetes prevention recommendations, and behaviors among US adults with prediabetes.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Social determinant of health patterns and mortality outcomes in US adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Social Risk and Acute Health Care Utilization Among Insured Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Social Risk Factors and Emergency Department Use: National Health Interview Survey 2016-2018.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The Association Between Cost-Related Insulin Rationing and Health Care Utilization in U.S. Adults With Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- A scoping review of social determinants of health's impact on substance use disorders over the life course.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Social Risk Factor Domains and Preventive Care Services in US Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Association of Patient-Reported Social Needs with Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Federally Qualified Health Center Patients.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- The effect of dementia on patterns of healthcare use in older adults with diabetes.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Changes in Emergency Department Utilization in Vulnerable Populations After COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Orders.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding the relationship between social risk factors and functional limitation among stroke survivors in the US.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2024Article
- Association between patient-reported social and behavioral risks and health care costs in high-risk Veterans health administration patients.Health services research · 2024Article
- Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Communication Difficulties in Poststroke U.S. Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Populations.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2024Article
- Screening tools to address social determinants of health in the United States: A systematic review.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- Relationship between social determinants of health and hospitalizations and costs among patients with bipolar disorder 1.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceWhile the association between Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and health outcomes is well known, few studies have explored the impact of SDOH on hospitalization.
objectiveExamine the independent association and cumulative effect of six SDOH domains on hospitalization.
designUsing cross-sectional data from the 2016-2018 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS), we used multivariable logistical regression models controlling for sociodemographics and comorbid conditions to assess the association of each SDOH and SDOH burden (i.e., cumulative number of SDOH) with hospitalization.
settingNational survey of community-dwelling individuals in the US
participantsAdults ≥18 years who responded to the NHIS survey EXPOSURE: Six SDOH domains (economic instability, lack of community, educational deficits, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to medical care) MEASURES: Hospitalization within 1 year
resultsAmong all 55,186 respondents, most were ≤50 years old (54.2%), female (51.7%, 95% CI 51.1-52.3), non-Hispanic (83.9%, 95% CI 82.4-84.5), identified as White (77.9%, 95% CI 76.8-79.1), and had health insurance (90%, 95% CI 88.9-91.9). Hospitalized individuals (n=5506; 8.7%) were more likely to be ≥50 years old (61.2%), female (60.7%, 95% CI 58.9-62.4), non-Hispanic (87%, 95% CI 86.2-88.4), and identify as White (78.5%, 95% CI 76.7-80.3), compared to those who were not hospitalized. Hospitalized individuals described poorer overall health, reporting higher incidence of having ≥5 comorbid conditions (38.9%, 95% CI 37.1-40.1) compared to those who did not report a hospitalization (15.9%, 95% CI 15.4-16.5). Hospitalized respondents reported higher rates of economic instability (33%), lack of community (14%), educational deficits (67%), food insecurity (14%), social isolation (34%), and less access to health care (6%) compared to non-hospitalized individuals. In adjusted analysis, food insecurity (OR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.22-1.52), social isolation (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.26), and lower educational attainment (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.25) were associated with hospitalization, while a higher SDOH burden was associated with increased odds of hospitalization (3-4 SDOH [OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.49] and ≥5 SDOH [OR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.40-2.06]) compared to those who reported no SDOH.
conclusionsAmong community-dwelling US adults, three SDOH domains: food insecurity, social isolation, and low educational attainment increase an individual's risk of hospitalization. Additionally, risk of hospitalization increases as SDOH burden increases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.