ArticleToxicon: X2021
Chronic health effects and cost of snakebite.
Article in Toxicon: X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of snake antivenom in the Region of the Americas: a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiological characterization of snakebite in Colombia, 2017-2023.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Estimates of global burden of snakebite: A literature review and geostatistical modelling study.PLoS medicine · 2026Review
- Burden of Mortality and Morbidity Caused by Snakebites Contributes to Economic Loss in a Rural Population in India.Toxins · 2026Article
- Snakebite-associated audiological sequelae: Rethinking care pathways in African health systems.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term disabilities in children followingThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical presentation and management of snakebite envenoming in northern Ghana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional survey of the incidence, mortality and socioeconomic burden of snakebite envenoming in India.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Predictors and nomogram for amputation risk in pit viper snakebite envenoming at hospital admission.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic and ecological drivers of snakebite incidence in Mexico: A spatial analysis of risk factors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The incidence of snakebite in South Africa and the challenges associated with lack of reporting.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and Time Series Analysis of Snakebite Incidence in Southwestern Iran (Shoushtar) 2017-2022.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
- Article
- Knowledge of local snakes, first-aid and prevention of snakebites among community health workers and community members in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- [Evaluation of snakebite management cost at Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Tanguiéta, Benin].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2024Article
- Review
- Functional Disability at 3 Months in Patients with Residual Limb Swelling after Snakebite Envenoming.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- A Nationwide Study on the Risks of Complications and Healthcare Costs of Snakebite Envenomation in Taiwan.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The burden of disability among survivors and the socio-economic impact of snakebite have not been adequately researched. We reviewed original research articles, case reports and small case series relating to chronic physical, mental and psycho-social disability and economic burden of snakebite. Both physical and psychological health problems seem common in snakebite survivors and can lead to disability and loss of productivity. Chronic physical health effects, musculoskeletal disability being the commonest, can be largely attributed to limited and delayed access to optimal treatment of acute envenoming. The economic burden is considerable, and includes health system costs, out-of-pocket expenditure and opportunity costs, with regional variations. Health systems should be more responsive to needs and circumstances of bite victims, and a more holistic approach should be developed in the treatment of snakebite which incorporates the management of chronic health effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.