ArticleTranslational sports medicine2021
The effects of sustained fitness improvement on the gut microbiome: A longitudinal, repeated measures case-study approach.
Article in Translational sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Rapid shift of gut microbiome and enrichment of beneficial microbes during arhatic yoga meditation retreat in a single-arm pilot study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Precision Exercise for Breast Cancer-Related Outcomes: Towards Personalised Training Based on Tumour, Treatment and Patient Characteristics.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Interaction of physical activity and gut-brain axis: relevance for obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Effects of Melatonin andAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of sport disciplines on gut microbiota in elite athletes: evidence from Taekwondo and diving athletes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrating metagenomics and metabolomics to study the gut microbiome and host relationships in sports across different energy systems.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Temporal stability and lack of variance in microbiome composition and functionality in fit recreational athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mechanisms underlying alterations of the gut microbiota by exercise and their role in shaping ecological resilience.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Exercise as a modulator of gut microbiota for improvement of sleep quality: a narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Physical Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Bidirectional Relationship Influencing Health and Performance.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Different Types of Physical Activity and Their Intensity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effects of a 217-km mountain ultramarathon on the gut microbiota of an obese runner: A case report.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a 'Westernized Athletic Diet' on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Exercise and the gut microbiome: implications for supportive care in cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Review
- A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The gut mucin-microbiota interactions: a missing key to optimizing endurance performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Is There a Universal Endurance Microbiota?Microorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The athlete gut microbiome differs from that of non-athletes in its composition and metabolic function. Short-term fitness improvement in sedentary adults does not replicate the microbiome characteristics of athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sustained fitness improvement leads to pronounced alterations in the gut microbiome. This was achieved using a repeated-measures, case-study approach that examined the gut microbiome of two initially unfit volunteers undertaking progressive exercise training over a 6-month period. Samples were collected every two weeks, and microbiome, metabolome, diet, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness data were recorded. Training culminated in both participants completing their respective goals (a marathon or Olympic-distance triathlon) with improved body composition and fitness parameters. Increases in gut microbiota α-diversity occurred with sustained training and fluctuations occurred in response to training events (eg, injury, illness, and training peaks). Participants' BMI reduced during the study and was significantly associated with increased urinary measurements of N-methyl nicotinate and hippurate, and decreased phenylacetylglutamine. These results suggest that sustained fitness improvements support alterations to gut microbiota and physiologically-relevant metabolites. This study provides longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome response to real-world events during progressive fitness training, including intercurrent illness and injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.