ArticlePreventive medicine reports2021
Cardiometabolic health among United States firefighters by age.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-cancer mortality among firefighters: a meta-analytic review of heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease, liver disease, accidents, and suicide.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation, with and without Creatine, on Occupational Performance in Firefighters.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Association of shift work with body weight, stress, sleep, and dietary intake in prison officers and firefighters.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- When Chronic Risk Meets Acute Strain: Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Vulnerability in Firefighters.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Acute live firefighting effects on ventricular-arterial coupling and pulsatile afterload in middle-aged firefighters.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Age and Years in the Fire Service on Firefighter Health and Physical Performance Outcomes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Age, inflammation, alkaline phosphatase, and coronary artery calcification in firefighters.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- The Effect of Fitness on Performance, Exertion, and Cognition During Simulated Firefighter Occupational Tasks.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Hazardous alcohol use and cardiometabolic risk among firefighters.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Impact of acute exercise on performance and physiological stress during simulated firefighter occupational tasks.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal, Pulmonary, and Cardiovascular COVID-19 Sequelae in the Context of Firefighter Occupational Health: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Article
- Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Pollutants, including Organophosphorus and Organochloride Pesticides, May Increase the Risk of Cardiac Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Inflammatory profiles, gut microbiome, and kidney function are impacted after high-fidelity firefighter training.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Article
- End-stage renal disease incidence in a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia.American journal of industrial medicine · 2022Article
- A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Cardiovascular Health, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance in Firefighters.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Firefighting is strenuous work that results in considerable cardiovascular strain. Sudden cardiac events are the leading cause of duty-related death in the fire service. This cross-sectional study examined cardiometabolic measures and prevalence of risk factors in firefighters by age and sex and compare these data to the general population. Data obtained at medical exams (2015-2018) from 4279 male and 234 female career firefighters at four occupational health clinics in the United States were analyzed. Estimates for the general population were obtained using the 2015-16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey fasting subsample. Linear regression models stratified by sex with age modelled as a continuous variable were used to examine general trends. Point estimates across age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 year olds) for cardiometabolic measures were reported. Among the total sample, 36% were obese and 25% had low HDL cholesterol. Females had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose than males. A significant quadratic relationship of age with BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides was found in males with increasing values peaking between 45 and 50 years. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased with age among females. Blood glucose increased with age in both sexes. Firefighters had similar or better cardiometabolic health profiles than the US general population; however, both samples had a concerning prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Health professionals and fire service members alike should consider prevention efforts among young firefighters and better treatment among older firefighters.
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