ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Immune System and Immunoregulation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-essential heavy metal effects in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of systematic reviews.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Chelation treatment in a novel sub-toxic multi-metal model in rats.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid alleviates cadmium stress in rice through redox regulation and modulation of cadmium accumulation.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Mapping the MicroRNA Landscape of Cadmium Exposure: A Bibliometric and Bioinformatics Analysis of Molecular Targets and Regulatory Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Commercially Available Rice from Central Iran: Implications for Food Safety.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Inhalation of cadmium oxide nanoparticles alters intestinal and pulmonary microbiomes in mice.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Heavy Metal Air Pollution: Human Health Effects and Nanomaterial Strategies for Monitoring and Remediation.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms linking cadmium chloride exposure to ankylosing spondylitis: an integrative network-based study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The hazards of metal exposure mediated by crops to human health from perspective of environmental health and control strategies.iScience · 2026Review
- Green synthesized selenium nanoparticles-based amelioration of Cd toxicity in radish using seed priming.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cadmium chloride administered through drinking water disrupts the gut-liver axis through intestinal barrier failure, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and PIEZO1 signaling in broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Transition metal-enhanced immunity in Arabidopsis roots via an NLR pair.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Article
- Cadmium exposure is associated with overexpression of the metallothionein gene and heightened urinary deoxy-guanosine and protein carbonylation status in an exposed population of West Bengal, India.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sustained cadmium exposure and hyperglycemia additively drives mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic cells: Implications for MASLD etiopathogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Metal exposures and their interactions with the dietary inflammatory index on inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican adolescents.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Impact of Cadmium Toxicity on Testicular Function: Risk of Male Infertility.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcriptomics-based analysis of key genes and potential mechanism and therapeutic agents in cadmium-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding Climate Change Threats to Vertebrate Wildlife by Studying Ecoimmunology Across Biological Scales.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Review
- Mutagenesis of OsNRAMP5 Affects Blast Resistance Through Mn Absorption in Rice.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a biologically non-essential heavy metal, is widespread in the environment, including the air, water, and soil, and is widely present in foods and quantum dot preparations. Cd enters the body primarily through inhalation and ingestion. Its biological half-life in humans is 10-35 years; therefore, Cd poses long-term health risks. While most studies on Cd toxicity have focused on organ and tissue damage, the immunotoxicity of Cd has drawn increasing attention recently. Cd accumulates in immune cells, modulates the function of the immune system, triggers immunological responses, and leads to diverse health problems. Cd acts as an immunotoxic agent by regulating the activity and apoptosis of immune cells, altering the secretion of immune cytokines, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, changing the frequency of T lymphocyte subsets, and altering the production of selective antibodies in immune cells. This review summarizes the immunological toxicity of Cd, elucidates the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and discusses potential strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of Cd on the immune system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.