Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34354301›Full record

ArticleMetrologia2021

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals.

J W Fowler, G C O'Neil, B K Alpert, D A Bennett, E V Denison, W B Doriese, G C Hilton, L T Hudson, Y-I Joe, K M Morgan and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Metrologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A Study of the Position-Dependent Response of Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors Through the Use of Cryogenic Beam Steering.IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity : a publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee · 2026
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  7. The NIST Vacuum Double-Crystal Spectrometer: A Tool for SI-Traceable Measurement of X-Ray Emission Spectra.Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology · 2021
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Contemporary x-ray wavelength metrology and traceability.Radiation physics and chemistry (Oxford, England : 1993) · 2020
    Article
  10. Article
  11. The Molybdenum K-shell X-ray Emission Spectrum.Journal of physics. B, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics : an Institute of Physics journal · 2019
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

J W FowlerDepartment of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-8079-0895
G C O'NeilQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
B K AlpertApplied & Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
D A BennettQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
E V DenisonQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
W B DorieseQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-1107-6441
G C HiltonQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
L T HudsonRadiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America.
Y-I JoeDepartment of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
K M MorganDepartment of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
D R SchmidtQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
D S SwetzQuantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, United States of America.
C I SzaboRadiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-6125-7948
J N UllomDepartment of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
National Institute of Standards and Technology · US

Funding

Intramural NIST DOC 9999-NIST
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure L x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The spectrometer also surveys numerous x-ray standards in order to establish an absolute-energy calibration traceable to the international system of units for the energy range 4 keV to 10 keV. The new results include emission line profiles for 97 lines, each expressed as a sum of one or more Voigt functions; improved absolute energy uncertainty on 71 of these lines relative to existing reference data; a median uncertainty on the peak energy of 0.24 eV, four to ten times better than the median of prior work; and six lines that lack any measured values in existing reference tables. The 97 lines comprise nearly all of the most intense L lines from these elements under broad-band x-ray excitation. The work improves on previous measurements made with a similar cryogenic spectrometer by the use of sensors with better linearity in the absorbed energy and a gold x-ray absorbing layer that has a Gaussian energy-response function. It also employs a novel sample holder that enables rapid switching between science targets and calibration targets with excellent gain balancing. Most of the results for peak energy values shown here should be considered as replacements for the currently tabulated standard reference values, while the line shapes given here represent a significant expansion of the scope of available reference data.

Indexed as

microcalorimeterstransition-edge sensorsx-ray fundamental parametersx-ray metrology

Identifiers

PMID34354301
PMCPMC8335601
OpenAlexW3110484301

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.