Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34354290›Full record

ArticleNature methods2021

Ultrasensitive ultrasound imaging of gene expression with signal unmixing.

Daniel P Sawyer, Avinoam Bar-Zion, Arash Farhadi, Shirin Shivaei, Bill Ling, Audrey Lee-Gosselin, Mikhail G Shapiro

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
8.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Acoustic percolation switches enable targeted drug delivery controlled by diagnostic ultrasound.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Daniel P SawyerDivision of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Avinoam Bar-ZionDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Arash FarhadiDivision of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-8559
Shirin ShivaeiDivision of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Bill LingDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-7204
Audrey Lee-GosselinDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mikhail G ShapiroDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. mikhail@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-4215
California Institute of Technology · US

Funding

Biogenic Gas Nanostructures As Molecular Imaging Reporters For UltrasoundR01EB018975 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Mikhail Shapiro · 2014 to 2026
$5.9M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB018975
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) that encode air-filled gas vesicles enable ultrasound-based imaging of gene expression in genetically modified bacteria and mammalian cells, facilitating the study of cellular function in deep tissues. Despite the promise of this technology for biological research and potential clinical applications, the sensitivity with which ARG-expressing cells can be visualized is currently limited. Here we present burst ultrasound reconstructed with signal templates (BURST)-an ARG imaging paradigm that improves the cellular detection limit by more than 1,000-fold compared to conventional methods. BURST takes advantage of the unique temporal signal pattern produced by gas vesicles as they collapse under acoustic pressure above a threshold defined by the ARG. By extracting the unique pattern of this signal from total scattering, BURST boosts the sensitivity of ultrasound to image ARG-expressing cells, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and liver. Furthermore, in dilute cell suspensions, BURST imaging enables the detection of gene expression in individual bacteria and mammalian cells. The resulting abilities of BURST expand the potential use of ultrasound for non-invasive imaging of cellular functions.

Indexed as

Phantoms, ImagingAnimalsEscherichia coliFemaleGastrointestinal TractGenes, ReporterHumansLiverMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSingle Molecule ImagingUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID34354290
PMCPMC8363212
OpenAlexW3191779900

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.