Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34354237›Full record

ArticleNature cell biology2021

Diverse heterochromatin-associated proteins repress distinct classes of genes and repetitive elements.

Ryan L McCarthy, Kelsey E Kaeding, Samuel H Keller, Yu Zhong, Liqin Xu, Antony Hsieh, Yong Hou, Greg Donahue, Justin S Becker, Oscar Alberto and 2 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Life science alliance · 2025
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  17. PhpCNature communications · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Ryan L McCarthy *Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kelsey E Kaeding *Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Samuel H KellerDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-3266
Yu ZhongBGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-2732
Liqin XuBGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-3707
Antony HsiehDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yong HouDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Greg DonahueInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Justin S BeckerDepartment of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-0395
Oscar AlbertoInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Bomyi LimDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kenneth S ZaretInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA. zaret@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-3145
Translational Therapeutics (United States) · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USBGI Group (China) · CNDana-Farber Cancer Institute · US

Funding

Roles of sumoylation and alternative polyadenylation in cellular reprogrammingP01GM099134 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HOCHEDLINGER, KONRAD · 2011 to 2021
$20.3M
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TRAINING IN GASTROENTEROLOGYT32DK007066 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI JONATHAN P KATZ · 1986 to 2026
$11.7M
TRANS-ACTING FACTORS CAUSING CELL-SPECIFIC GENE CONTROLR01GM036477 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ZARET, KENNETH · 1986 to 2023
$7.7M
Graduate Training in Developmental BiologyT32HD083185 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Michael Granato, Foteini Mourkioti · 2015 to 2026
$4.0M
Design principles and dynamic gene control in embryonic developmentR35GM133425 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Bomyi Lim · 2019 to 2026
$2.9M
KLF4 and WNT5A in esophageal epithelial differentiation and stratificationR01DK119314 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KATZ, JONATHAN P · 2019 to 2022
$1.5M
Modifying regulators of heterochromatin to improve reprogramming to functional hepatocytesK01DK117970 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MCCARTHY, RYAN LEHMAN · 2018 to 2022
$527k
Unlocking heterochromatin to potentiate cell conversion to the hepatocyte fateF31DK107183 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BECKER, JUSTIN SCOTT · 2015 to 2016
$41k
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD083185NIDDK NIH HHS F31 DK107183NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK117970NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK119314NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007066NIGMS NIH HHS P01 GM099134NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM036477NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM133425
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heterochromatin, typically marked by histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) or lysine 27 (H3K27me3), represses different protein-coding genes in different cells, as well as repetitive elements. The basis for locus specificity is unclear. Previously, we identified 172 proteins that are embedded in sonication-resistant heterochromatin (srHC) harbouring H3K9me3. Here, we investigate in humans how 97 of the H3K9me3-srHC proteins repress heterochromatic genes. We reveal four groups of srHC proteins that each repress many common genes and repeat elements. Two groups repress H3K9me3-embedded genes with different extents of flanking srHC, one group is specific for srHC genes with H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and one group is specific for genes with srHC as the primary feature. We find that the enhancer of rudimentary homologue (ERH) is conserved from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in repressing meiotic genes and, in humans, now represses other lineage-specific genes and repeat elements. The study greatly expands our understanding of H3K9me3-based gene repression in vertebrates.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationCells, CulturedChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneConserved SequenceHep G2 CellsHeterochromatinHistonesHumansChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneHeterochromatinHistones

Identifiers

PMID34354237
PMCPMC9248069
OpenAlexW3188916154

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.