ArticleScientific reports2021
Immune cell residency in the nasal mucosa may partially explain respiratory disease severity across the age range.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- The Application of Single-cell RNA Sequencing Technology in the Research of Sino-Nasal Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Research square · 2026Article
- Key messengers in the gut-nose axis: mechanisms of gut microbial metabolites in the immunomodulation of allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age-Stratified Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis in Chinese Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infectious and repair responses: relationships to age, sex, and post-COVID pulmonary syndromes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing for Infectious Diseases: Progress and Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- KLRB1 expression in nasopharyngeal mucosa as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Triad of Primary School Learners (Grades 1-7), Their Parents, and Teachers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional and Nested Case-Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Regional specialization within the mammalian respiratory immune system.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Common cold viruses circulating in children threaten wild chimpanzees through asymptomatic adult carriers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A novel lineage of osteoprogenitor cells with dual epithelial and mesenchymal properties govern maxillofacial bone homeostasis and regeneration after MSFL.Cell research · 2022Article
- Differential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the normal nasal mucosa and in chronic sinusitis.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies focusing on the age disparity in COVID-19 severity have suggested that younger individuals mount a more robust innate immune response in the nasal mucosa after infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, it is unclear if this reflects increased immune activation or increased immune residence in the nasal mucosa. We hypothesized that immune residency in the nasal mucosa of healthy individuals may differ across the age range. We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing and measured the cellular composition and transcriptional profile of the nasal mucosa in 35 SARS-CoV-2 negative children and adults, ranging in age from 4 months to 65 years. We analyzed in total of ~ 30,000 immune and epithelial cells and found that age and immune cell proportion in the nasal mucosa are inversely correlated, with little evidence for structural changes in the transcriptional state of a given cell type across the age range. Orthogonal validation by epigenome sequencing indicate that it is especially cells of the innate immune system that underlie the age-association. Additionally, we characterize the predominate immune cell type in the nasal mucosa: a resident T cell like population with potent antiviral properties. These results demonstrate fundamental changes in the immune cell makeup of the uninfected nasal mucosa over the lifespan. The resource we generate here is an asset for future studies focusing on respiratory infection and immunization strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.