ArticleCell death & disease2021
Low level of plasminogen increases risk for mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of angiostatin and plasminogen plasma levels with Charlson comorbidity burden and mortality in COVID-19.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Observational
- Blood Coagulation in COVID-19: Systems-Biology Evidence, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Opportunities in an Evolving Pandemic.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of endothelial activation, hypercoagulation and thrombosis in COVID-19: a link with diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Plasminogen missense variants and their involvement in cardiovascular and inflammatory disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Postoperative Coagulation Changes in Patients after Epicardial Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Varies Based on the Left Atrial Appendage Size.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between the plasminogen/plasmin system and inflammation resolution.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2023Review
- Thromboelastometry-Guided Individualized Fibrinolytic Treatment for COVID-19-Associated Severe Coagulopathy Complicated by Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Changes in the Fibrinolytic System of Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Plasminogen System in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Upcoming Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Plasmin and plasminogen prevent sepsis severity by reducing neutrophil extracellular traps and systemic inflammation.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Transport by SARS-CoV-2 Is Closely Related with Fibrinolytic System-Associated Proteins.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- A network pharmacology and molecular docking approach in the exploratory investigation of the biological mechanisms of lagundi (Vitex negundo L.) compounds against COVID-19.Genomics & informatics · 2023Article
- Point-of-care diagnosis and monitoring of fibrinolysis resistance in the critically ill: results from a feasibility study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- Review
- Urokinase System in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Hidden Threat of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of Fibrinolysis in the Management of Patients with COVID-19 and Thromboembolic Complications: A Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- The suboptimal fibrinolytic response in COVID-19 is dictated by high PAI-1.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2022Article
- Characterization of raloxifene as a potential pharmacological agent against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Associations and Disease-Disease Interactions of COVID-19 with Congenital and Genetic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and especially of its complications is still not fully understood. In fact, a very high number of patients with COVID-19 die because of thromboembolic causes. A role of plasminogen, as precursor of fibrinolysis, has been hypothesized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between plasminogen levels and COVID-19-related outcomes in a population of 55 infected Caucasian patients (mean age: 69.8 ± 14.3, 41.8% female). Low levels of plasminogen were significantly associated with inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT, and IL-6), markers of coagulation (D-dimer, INR, and APTT), and markers of organ dysfunctions (high fasting blood glucose and decrease in the glomerular filtration rate). A multidimensional analysis model, including the correlation of the expression of coagulation with inflammatory parameters, indicated that plasminogen tended to cluster together with IL-6, hence suggesting a common pathway of activation during disease's complication. Moreover, low levels of plasminogen strongly correlated with mortality in COVID-19 patients even after multiple adjustments for presence of confounding. These data suggest that plasminogen may play a pivotal role in controlling the complex mechanisms beyond the COVID-19 complications, and may be useful both as biomarker for prognosis and for therapeutic target against this extremely aggressive infection.
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