Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34353894›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021

Familial History of Autoimmune Disorders Among Patients With Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.

Benjamin M Greenberg, Theron Charles Casper, Soe S Mar, Jayne M Ness, Patricia Plumb, Shannon Liang, Manu Goyal, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Moses Rodriguez, Gregory S Aaen and 21 more

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Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

7citing papers in PubMed

2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis Share General Autoimmunity Genetic Variation.Genes · 2026
Article
Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk of Different Comorbidity Categories in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article
A narrative review of genetic and environmental factors and risk for multiple sclerosis. The design of the Italian multicentric PEDIGREE study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
Review
The impact of autoimmune comorbidities on multiple sclerosis progression: insights from a longitudinal single-center study.Journal of neurology · 2025
Article
Trends in drug development for rare and intractable diseases based on the KEGG NETWORK.NAR molecular medicine · 2024
Article
Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis Development After Optic Neuritis Diagnosis Using a Nationwide Health Records Database.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2023
Article
Genetics and functional genomics of multiple sclerosis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022
Review

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Benjamin M GreenbergFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco. benjamin.greenberg@utsouthwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2091-8201

Theron Charles CasperFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Soe S MarFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Jayne M NessFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Patricia PlumbFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Shannon LiangFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Manu GoyalFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0001-6732-151X

Moses RodriguezFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Gregory S AaenFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Anita BelmanFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Lisa F BarcellosFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

John W RoseFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Mark P GormanFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Leslie A BensonFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0002-1680-4834

Meghan CandeeFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Tanuja ChitnisFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Yolanda C HarrisFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Ilana L KahnFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Shelly RoalstadFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Janace HartFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Timothy E LotzeFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Mary RenselFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Jennifer P RubinFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Teri L SchreinerFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Jan-Mendelt TillemaFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Amy Tara WaldmanFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Lauren KruppFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0001-7003-807X

Jennifer GravesFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Kaylea DrakeFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

Emmanuelle WaubantFrom the University of Texas Southwestern (B.M.G.), Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dallas; Data Coordinating and Analysis Center (T.C.C., S.S.R., K.D.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Washington University (S.S.M.), St. Louis, MO; University of Alabama Birmingham (J.M.N.); The University of Texas Southwestern (P.P.), Department of Neurology, Dallas; Department of Radiology (S.L., M.G.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Jacobs Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), State University of New York at Buffalo, NY; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R., J.-M.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; Lourie Center for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (A.B.), Stony Brook University Hospital, NY; Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California, Berkeley; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (M.P.G., L.A.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Primary Children's Hospital (M.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Center for Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Disease (Y.C.H.), Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Children's National Medical Center (I.L.K.), Washington, DC; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.), University of California San Francisco; The Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis (T.E.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (J.P.R.), IL; Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.S.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A.T.W.), PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (L.K.), New York University; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.G.), University of California San Diego; and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.W.), University of California San Francisco.

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · US

Funding

Utah Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR002538 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HESS, RACHEL, MAJERSIK, JENNIFER JUHL · 2018 to 2022

$26.0M

Environmental and genetic risk factors for pediatric MSR01NS071463 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WAUBANT, EMMANUELLE LAURENCE · 2010 to 2015

$2.8M

NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS071463

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether family members of patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased prevalence of autoimmune conditions compared with controls.

methodsData collected during a pediatric MS case-control study of risk factors included information about various autoimmune diseases in family members. The frequency of these disorders was compared between cases and controls.

resultsThere was an increased rate of autoimmune diseases among family members of pediatric MS cases compared with controls with first-degree history of MS excluded (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.71-3.01, DISCUSSION: The increased rates of autoimmune disorders, including thyroid disorders and MS among families of patients with pediatric MS, suggest shared genetic factors among families with children diagnosed with pediatric MS.

Indexed as

AdolescentAutoimmune DiseasesCase-Control StudiesChildFamilyFemaleHumansMaleMultiple SclerosisRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID34353894

DOI10.1212/NXI.0000000000001049

PMCPMC8362349

OpenAlexW3187398115

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

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