Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34353792›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Detection of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in children using a deep learning algorithm on digital stethoscope: a study protocol.

Fatima Ali, Babar Hasan, Huzaifa Ahmad, Zahra Hoodbhoy, Zainab Bhuriwala, Muhammad Hanif, Shahab U Ansari, Devyani Chowdhury

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. The global roadmap for cardiovascular imaging: bridging the diagnostic divide.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Fatima AliPediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-8899-7826
Babar HasanPediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Huzaifa AhmadMedicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Zahra HoodbhoyPediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-0439-8293
Zainab BhuriwalaPediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad HanifFaculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
Shahab U AnsariFaculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
Devyani ChowdhuryCardiology, Cardiology care for Children, Lancaster PA, AI DuPont Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA dchowdhury@cardiologylancaster.com.
Aga Khan University Hospital · PKGhulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology · PKDuPont (United States) · USGeorgetown University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRheumatic heart diseases (RHDs) contribute significant morbidity and mortality globally. To reduce the burden of RHD, timely initiation of secondary prophylaxis is important. The objectives of this study are to determine the frequency of subclinical RHD and to train a deep learning (DL) algorithm using waveform data from the digital auscultatory stethoscope (DAS) in predicting subclinical RHD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We aim to recruit 1700 children from a group of schools serving the underprivileged over a 12-month period in Karachi (Pakistan). All consenting students within the age of 5-15 years with no underlying congenital heart disease will be eligible for the study. We will gather information regarding sociodemographics, anthropometric data, history of symptoms or diagnosis of rheumatic fever, phonocardiogram (PCG) and electrocardiography (ECG) data obtained from DAS. Handheld echocardiogram will be performed on each study participant to assess the presence of a mitral regurgitation (MR) jet ( ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been taken from the Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and to collaborators. ARTICLE FOCUS: This study focuses on determining the frequency of subclinical RHD in school-going children in Karachi, Pakistan and developing a DL algorithm to screen for this condition using a digital stethoscope.

Indexed as

Deep LearningMitral Valve InsufficiencyRheumatic FeverRheumatic Heart DiseaseAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolEchocardiographyHumansMass ScreeningPrevalenceechocardiographyhealth informaticspaediatric cardiologyvalvular heart disease

Identifiers

PMID34353792
PMCPMC8344289
OpenAlexW3190345012

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.