Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34353482›Full record

ArticleAdvances in virus research2021

SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models.

Anna Michelitsch, Kerstin Wernike, Lorenz Ulrich, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Martin Beer

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in virus research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
32.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Contributions of large and agricultural animal models to immunology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Methods and Models for StudyingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. The Year of the Rabbit and the COVID Pandemic.Asia-Pacific journal of public health · 2023
    Article
  16. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anna MichelitschFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Kerstin WernikeFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany. Electronic address: kerstin.wernike@fli.de.
Lorenz UlrichFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Thomas C MettenleiterFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Martin BeerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Within only one year after the first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), nearly 100 million infections were reported in the human population globally, with more than two million fatal cases. While SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated from a natural wildlife reservoir, neither the immediate viral precursor nor the reservoir or intermediate hosts have been identified conclusively. Due to its zoonotic origin, SARS-CoV-2 may also be relevant to animals. Thus, to evaluate the host range of the virus and to assess the risk to act as potential animal reservoir, a large number of different animal species were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 or monitored in the field in the last months. In this review, we provide an update on studies describing permissive and resistant animal species. Using a scoring system based on viral genome detection subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, seroconversion, the development of clinical signs and transmission to conspecifics or humans, the susceptibility of diverse animal species was classified on a semi-quantitative scale. While major livestock species such as pigs, cattle and poultry are mostly resistant, companion animals appear moderately susceptible, while several model animal species used in research, including several Cricetidae species and non-human primates, are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. By natural infections, it became obvious that American minks (Neovison vison) in fur farms, e.g., in the Netherlands and Denmark are highly susceptible resulting in local epidemics in these animals.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnimals, WildCOVID-19Disease ReservoirsDisease SusceptibilityHost SpecificityLivestockModels, AnimalPetsSARS-CoV-2Animal modelsCOVID-19Experimental infectionIntermediate hostsLivestockMustelidsReservoir hostsSARS-CoV-2Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Identifiers

PMID34353482
PMCPMC8025072
OpenAlexW3148513827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.