ArticleBMC medicine2021
Adverse childhood experiences and child mental health: an electronic birth cohort study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Early identification of individual, parent and family related factors associated with different levels of youth care services.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- Case study: Developing resources to facilitate public conversations about the use of linked address-based data for research.International journal of population data science · 2026Article
- The intergenerational health, social care, and justice system contacts associated with household substance misuse in Wales.International journal of population data science · 2026Article
- 'Early Life Adversity and Social Cognition in the General Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis'.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2025Article
- The association between adverse childhood experiences and mental disorders among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Evidence from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Birth order moderates the association between adverse childhood experiences and externalizing behavior symptoms in adolescence.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2025Article
- Receipt of social services intervention in childhood, educational attainment and emergency hospital admissions: longitudinal analyses of national administrative health, social care, and education data in Wales, UK.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Abnormal Body Mass Index: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and pain in middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with perceived cognitive difficulties among high school students in the United States.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Adversity profiles of children receiving care and support from social services: A latent-class analysis of school-aged children in Wales.Child: care, health and development · 2023Article
- Variety ACEs and risk of developing anxiety, depression, or anxiety-depression co-morbidity: the 2006-2022 UK Biobank data.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, problematic internet use, and health-related quality of life in Chinese adolescents.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Adolescent Mental Health and Family Economic Hardships: The Roles of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Family Conflict.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent drug use in the UK: The moderating role of socioeconomic position and ethnicity.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Disclosure and help-seeking behaviors related to sexual and physical violence in childhood and adolescence: Results from the Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey.Child abuse & neglect · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negatively associated with a range of child health outcomes. In this study, we explored associations between five individual ACEs and child mental health diagnoses or symptoms. ACEs included living with someone who had an alcohol-related problem, common mental health disorder or serious mental illness, or experienced victimisation or death of a household member.
methodsWe analysed data from a population-level electronic cohort of children in Wales, UK, (N = 191,035) between the years of 1998 and 2012. We used Cox regression with discrete time-varying exposure variables to model time to child mental health diagnosis during the first 15 years of life. Child mental health diagnoses include five categories: (i) externalising symptoms (anti-social behaviour), (ii) internalising symptoms (stress, anxiety, depression), (iii) developmental delay (e.g. learning disability), (iv) other (e.g. eating disorder, personality disorders), and (v) any mental health diagnosis, which was created by combining externalising symptoms, internalising symptoms and other. Our analyses were adjusted for social deprivation and perinatal risk factors.
resultsThere were strong univariable associations between the five individual ACEs, sociodemographic and perinatal factors (e.g. gestational weight at birth) and an increased risk of child mental health diagnoses. After adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal aspects, there was a remaining conditional increased risk of any child mental health diagnosis, associated with victimisation (conditional hazard ratio (cHR) 1.90, CI 95% 1.34-2.69), and living with an adult with a common mental health diagnosis (cHR 1.63, CI 95% 1.52-1.75). Coefficients of product terms between ACEs and deprivation were not statistically significant.
conclusionThe increased risk of child mental health diagnosis associated with victimisation, or exposure to common mental health diagnoses, and alcohol problems in the household supports the need for policy measures and intervention strategies for children and their families.
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