SynthesisPloS one2021
ELBW and ELGAN outcomes in developing nations-Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of mortality and its predictors among low birth weight neonates in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Global inequities in the survival of extremely preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm-born children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of developmental outcomes in 72 974 preterm-born children.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of neonatal sepsis on neurocognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infant.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pre-discharge Outcomes of Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Infants from a Tertiary Care Neonatal Center in India.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- In-Hospital Outcomes of Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from India.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- Survival, Mortality Predictors, and Morbidity in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A machine learning-based risk prediction model for early preterm birth: development and prospective validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Three studies needed to inform the design of the U-BET (umbilical cord blood for extremely low-gestational-age transfusions) clinical trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Outcomes and antimicrobial usage in preterm neonates < 34 weeks gestation with culture-negative neonatal sepsis: a prospective observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Surviving Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Have a Higher Risk of ROP in Sub-Saharan Africa.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Trajectory and determinants of family resilience in caregivers of preterm infants: A mixed-methods study.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Article
- Survival and Short-Term Morbidities Among Extremely Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Biomarkers predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in women living with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2025Review
- Observational
- Born too soon: global epidemiology of preterm birth and drivers for change.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Risk factors for early periventricular intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Seasonal pattern of preterm birth in the Netherlands: A population-based retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and preterm birth: evidence from a large-scale children survey and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextMorbidity and mortality amongst extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) in developing nations has not been well studied.
objectivesEvaluate survival until discharge, short- and long-term morbidities of ELBW and ELGANs in LMICs. DATA SOURCES: CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION: Prospective and retrospective observational studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Four authors extracted data independently. Random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was used to synthesize data, modified QUIPS scale to evaluate quality of studies and GRADE approach to ascertain the certainty of evidence (CoE).
results192 studies enrolling 22,278 ELBW and 18,338 ELGANs were included. Survival was 34% (95% CI: 31% - 37%) (CoE-low) for ELBW and 39% (34% - 44%) (CoE-moderate) for ELGANs. For ELBW neonates, the survival for low-income (LI), lower middle-income (LMI) and upper middle income (UMI) countries was 18% (11% - 28%), 28% (21% - 35%) and 39% (36% - 42%), respectively. For ELGANs, it was 13% (8% - 20%) for LI, 28% (21% - 36%) for LMI and 48% (42% - 53%) for UMI countries. There was no difference in survival between two epochs: 2000-2009 and 2010-2020. Except for necrotising enterocolitis [ELBW and ELGANs-8% (7% - 10%)] and periventricular leukomalacia [ELBW-7% (4% - 11%); ELGANs-6% (5%-7%)], rates of all other morbidities were higher compared to developed nations. Rates of neurodevelopmental impairment was 17% (7% - 34%) in ELBW neonates and 29% (23% - 37%) in ELGANs. LIMITATIONS: CoE was very low to low for all secondary outcomes.
conclusionsMortality and morbidity amongst ELBW and ELGANs is still a significant burden in LMICs. CoE was very low to low for all the secondary outcomes, emphasizing the need for high quality prospective cohort studies.
trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD42020222873).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.