ReviewJournal of internal medicine2022
Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by infection or vaccination.
Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Saliva is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection after vaccination: A rapid systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal Randomized Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in the St. Petersburg Population.Viruses · 2022Trial
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 total and neutralizing antibody transfer to neonates from vaccinated mothers vs. mothers infected during pregnancy: an observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pre-Existing Th1 Immunity Outperforms Age in Predicting Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccines.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Evolution of the PRNT: Merging tradition and innovation to set the gold standard in the era of automation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Extensive cross-reactive T cell epitopes across SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spikes with finite immune evasion mutations.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Broad neutralizing antibody response of a monomeric spike-based SARS-CoV-2 bivalent vaccine against diverse variants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Immunological orchestration and dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia: from viral pathogenesis to precision therapeutics in the post-pandemic era.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Viral dynamics and factors associated with duration of COVID-19 positivity: evidence from the first-three epidemiological waves in Cameroon.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms by Immunity Status and Predominant-Variant Period Among US Blood Donors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- New-onset hematologic disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Time course and determinants of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica: the RESPIRA study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Clinical Significance of Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19: Implications for Disease Prognosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Vaccination versus natural infection: A review of antibody differentiation techniques.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptome profile during the antibody decline phase following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Follow-Up of the Specific Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Colombia.Journal of medical virology · 2025Observational
- A comparison of Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination and non-vaccination on neurological symptoms and immune response in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses play critical roles in viral clearance and protection against re-infection, and SARS-CoV-2 is no exception. What is exceptional is the rapid characterization of the immune response to the virus performed by researchers during the first 20 months of the pandemic. This has given us a more detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 compared to many viruses that have been with us for a long time. Furthermore, effective COVID-19 vaccines were developed in record time, and their rollout worldwide is already making a significant difference, although major challenges remain in terms of equal access. The pandemic has engaged scientists and the public alike, and terms such as seroprevalence, neutralizing antibodies, antibody escape and vaccine certificates have become familiar to a broad community. Here, we review key findings concerning B cell and antibody (Ab) responses to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on non-severe cases and anti-spike (S) Ab responses in particular, the latter being central to protective immunity induced by infection or vaccination. The emergence of viral variants that have acquired mutations in S acutely highlights the need for continued characterization of both emerging variants and Ab responses against these during the evolving pathogen-immune system arms race.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.