ArticleWorld journal of surgery2021
Patient Safety in the Operating Room During Urologic Surgery: The OR Black Box Experience.
Article in World journal of surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing Surgical Safety and Efficiency: Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Surgical Data Recorders.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- The OR black box in urology: A survey on patient acceptance and confidence in AI-assisted surgery.BJUI compass · 2026Article
- Decoding the OR Black Box and Similar Technologies and Considerations in Otolaryngologic Surgery.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Review
- Expectations vs Reality of an Intraoperative Artificial Intelligence Intervention.JAMA surgery · 2026Article
- The contribution of surgical data science to identifying intraoperative human errors and adverse events in elective liver surgery: A preliminary study.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2025Article
- Balancing Ethics and Innovation: Can Artificial Intelligence Safely Transform Emergency Surgery? A Narrative Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo mitigate intraoperative adverse events, it is important to understand the context in which these errors occur. The purpose of this study is to characterize the IAEs and potential distractions that occur in minimally invasive urologic procedures.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in patients undergoing laparoscopic urologic surgery at an academic health center. The OR Black Box, a unique technology system which captures video and audio recordings of the operating room as well as the operative field, was used to collect data regarding procedure type, critical step, IAEs, and distractions.
resultsOf a total of 80 cases analyzed, the majority of these cases were partial nephrectomy (n = 36; 45%), radical nephrectomy (n = 20; 25%), and adrenalectomy (n = 4; 5%). Across all cases, there were a total of 138 clinically significant IAEs, 10 of which (14%) were of the highest severity (five on the SEVerity of intraoperative Events and Rectification Tool (SEVERE) matrix). Of these, 70 (51%) occurred during an a priori defined critical step of the operation. Distractions were common across all cases. The median rate of external communication per case was 16 events (IQR 11-22); and per critical step was 4 (IQR 2.75-8), while median room traffic per case was 65 entries/exits (IQR 42-76); and per critical step was 17 (IQR 10-65).
conclusionOur data demonstrate that IAEs occur frequently during all phases of the operation at hand. Future study will be required to examine the role of distractions and IAE as well as IAE and their relationship to post-operative clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.