Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34351007›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2021

Mapping gradient nonlinearity and miscalibration using diffusion-weighted MR images of a uniform isotropic phantom.

Alan Seth Barnett, M Okan Irfanoglu, Bennett Landman, Baxter Rogers, Carlo Pierpaoli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Engineering clinical translation of OGSE diffusion MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Article
  6. Nonlinear Gradient Field Mapping Using a Spherical Grid Phantom for 3 and 7 Tesla MR Imaging Systems Equipped with High-performance Gradient Coils.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2024
    Article
  7. Nonlinear Gradient Field Estimation in Diffusion MRI Tensor Simulation.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2024
    Article
  8. Evaluation of Mean Shift, ComBat, and CycleGAN for Harmonizing Brain Connectivity Matrices Across Sites.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alan Seth BarnettQuantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
M Okan IrfanogluQuantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Bennett LandmanDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Baxter RogersDepartment of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Carlo PierpaoliQuantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

Processing and Analysis of Quantitative Diffusion MRI DataZIHEB000088 · NIBIB · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING · PI PIERPAOLI, CARLO · 2017 to 2022
$4.5M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo use diffusion measurements to map the spatial dependence of the magnetic field produced by the gradient coils of an MRI scanner with sufficient accuracy to correct errors in quantitative diffusion MRI (DMRI) caused by gradient nonlinearity and gradient amplifier miscalibration. THEORY AND

methodsThe field produced by the gradient coils is expanded in regular solid harmonics. The expansion coefficients are found by fitting a model to a minimum set of diffusion-weighted images of an isotropic diffusion phantom. The accuracy of the resulting gradient coil field maps is evaluated by using them to compute corrected b-matrices that are then used to process a multi-shell diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) dataset with 32 diffusion directions per shell.

resultsThe method substantially reduces both the spatial inhomogeneity of the computed mean diffusivities (MD) and the computed values of the fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as virtually eliminating any artifactual directional bias in the tensor field secondary to gradient nonlinearity. When a small scaling miscalibration was purposely introduced in the x, y, and z, the method accurately detected the amount of miscalibration on each gradient axis.

conclusionThe method presented detects and corrects the effects of gradient nonlinearity and gradient gain miscalibration using a simple isotropic diffusion phantom. The correction would improve the accuracy of DMRI measurements in the brain and other organs for both DTI and higher order diffusion analysis. In particular, it would allow calibration of MRI systems, improving data harmony in multicenter studies.

Indexed as

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingDiffusion Tensor ImagingAnisotropyMagnetic Resonance ImagingPhantoms, Imagingdiffusion imaginggradient inhomogeneity correctionMRI

Identifiers

PMID34351007
PMCPMC8596767

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.