SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Representation of Women in Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal women, 1990-2040: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Journal of advanced research · 2026Pooled it
- Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main disease according to patients' sex: A meta-analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-physician sex concordance and outcomes in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of the multiple arterial grafts compared with single arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting on sternal wound complications: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pulmonary artery catheters or central venous catheters for cardiac surgery: the PUMA Pilot randomised clinical trial.Anaesthesia · 2026Trial
- Reproducibility of Published Randomized Controlled Trial Results in Cardiovascular Surgery: Protocol for a Meta-Epidemiological Umbrella Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Patient Perspectives in Cardiovascular Research: A Qualitative Study of Barriers, Trust, and Strategies for Inclusive Clinical Trials.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Long-Term Outcomes in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery: Gender Insights From an Ultra-Fast-Track Protocol.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Association between female sex and short-term mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of neointima formation in human saphenous vein: implications for bypass graft disease.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Science policies and practice of including and excluding women from clinical studies: focus on cardiovascular research.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Representation of women and historically underserved populations in hypertension and diabetes clinical trials at Federally Qualified Health Centers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Coronary artery surgery outcome differences by sex.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Review
- Impella 5.5 use in women: A multicenter study.JHLT open · 2025Article
- Article
- Nothing about Women without Women is for Women.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Gender related outcome differences in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- More Hospital Complications in Women after Cabg Even for Reduced Surgical Times: Call to Action for Equity in Quality Improvement.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Article
- Research Concepts and Opportunities for Early-Career Investigators in Cardiac Surgery.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Women have traditionally been underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic evaluation of the inclusion of women in cardiac surgery RCTs published in the past 2 decades. Methods and Results MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched (2000 to July 2020) for RCTs written in English, comparing ≥2 adult cardiac surgical procedures. The percentage of women enrolled and its association with year of publication, sample size, mean age, funding source, geographic location, number of sites involved, and interventions tested were analyzed using a meta-analytic approach. Fifty-one trials were included. Of 25 425 total patients, 5029 were women (20.8%; 95% CI, 17.6-24.4; range, 0.5%-57.9%). The proportion of women dropped significantly during the study period (29.6% in 2000 versus 13.1% in 2019,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.