ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Perspective of Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapies for Kawasaki Disease.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of Oxidative Injury and Nitric Oxide System Derangements in Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Kawasaki Disease: Unraveling Immunopathogenesis, Genetic Factors, and AI Applications in Diagnosis with a Focus on Iran.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- FOS regulation of T-cell activation and the mechanism of inflammatory injury of coronary endothelium in Kawasaki disease.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Autophagy-Inflammation Axis in Kawasaki Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in diagnostic prediction of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- The Potential Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Acute Kawasaki Disease.CJC open · 2026Review
- Association between the absence of individual principal clinical features and coronary artery abnormalities in complete Kawasaki disease.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Subgroups of Kawasaki disease in Japanese patients and temporal change: a retrospective data-driven cluster analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Expression of key genes in IVIG-unresponsive Kawasaki disease and their immune correlation based on bioinformatics analysis.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Kawasaki disease following a pediatric scald burn: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Linkage between IL-23 and coronary arterial lesions in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Immunological Profile in Atypical Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report Highlighting the Diagnostic Utility of Cytokine Analysis by qRT-PCR.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Correlation between peripheral blood Th17/Treg immune imbalance and coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an explainable machine learning-based prediction model for primary Kawasaki disease complicated with coronary artery aneurysms.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Efficacy Analysis of a 12-Cytokine Panel for the Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease and Prediction of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Kawasaki Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Statin suppresses the development of excessive intimal proliferation in a Kawasaki disease mouse model.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- LncRNAs in Kawasaki disease and Henoch-Schönlein purpura: mechanisms and clinical applications.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- A nomogram prediction of coronary artery dilation in Kawasaki diseases based on mtDNA copy number.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease: status quo and nursing care.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory illness that mostly occurs in children below 5 years of age, with intractable fever, mucocutaneous lesions, lymphadenopathy, and lesions of the coronary artery (CAL). KD is sharing clinical symptoms with systemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which is related to COVID-19. Certain genes are identified to be associated with KD, but the findings usually differ between countries and races. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele types and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression are also correlated to KD. The acute hyperinflammation in KD is mediated by an imbalance between augmented T helper 17 (Th17)/Th1 responses with high levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IP-10, in contrast to reduced Th2/Treg responses with lower IL-4, IL-5, FoxP3, and TGF-β expression. KD has varying phenotypic variations regarding age, gender, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, macrophage activation and shock syndrome. The signs of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) can be interpreted as hyperferritinemia and thrombocytopenia contradictory to thrombocytosis in typical KD; the signs of KD with shock syndrome (KDSS) can be interpreted as overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and coagulopathy. For over five decades, IVIG and aspirin are the standard treatment for KD. However, some KD patients are refractory to IVIG required additional medications against inflammation. Further studies are proposed to delineate the immunopathogenesis of IVIG-resistance and KDSS, to identify high risk patients with genetic susceptibility, and to develop an ideal treatment regimen, such as by providing idiotypic immunoglobulins to curb cytokine storms, NO overproduction, and the epigenetic induction of Treg function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.