ArticleFrontiers in physiology2021
The Circulatory Effects of Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Due to Immersion and Submersion.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of swimming on cognitive and health outcomes in older adults and insights into participation facilitators and barriers: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Aquatic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Vascular Function, Whereas Aquatic Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Trial
- Aquatic Therapy as a Programmable Multisensory Environment for Arousal and Postural Control After Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Perspective.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of aquatic exercise on blood pressure and related physiological indicators in hypertensive patients: a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- The role and efficacy of ECG screening in assessing fitness to dive in military divers: implications of sports medicine standards.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2025Article
- Inter-Effort Recovery Intermittent Hypoxia and Force Parameters in Sprint Interval Exercise.International journal of exercise science · 2025Article
- The effect of a single closed-circuit rebreather decompression dive in extremely cold water to cardiac function.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Mechanosensory entities and functionality of endothelial cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Hemoglobin concentration and blood shift during dry static apnea in elite breath hold divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Effects of recreational SCUBA diving practiced once a week on neurohormonal response and myokines-mediated communication between muscles and the brain.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Commentary: The circulatory effects of increased hydrostatic pressure due to immersion and submersion.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Commentary: The Circulatory Effects of Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Due to Immersion and Submersion.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased hydrostatic pressure as experienced during immersion and submersion has effects on the circulation. The main effect is counteracting of gravity by buoyancy, which results in reduced extravasation of fluid. Immersion in a cold liquid leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, which centralizes the circulation. Additionally, a pressure difference usually exists between the lungs and the rest of the body, promoting pulmonary edema. However, hydrostatic pressure does not exert an external compressing force that counteracts extravasation, since the increased pressure is transmitted equally throughout all tissues immersed at the same level. Moreover, the vertical gradient of hydrostatic pressure down an immersed body part does not act as a resistance to blood flow. The occurrence of cardiovascular collapse when an immersed person is rescued from the water is not explained by removal of hydrostatic squeeze, but by sudden reinstitution of the effect of gravity in a cold and vasoplegic subject.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.