ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Corneal Cross-Linking: The Evolution of Treatment for Corneal Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03095235 (Dietary Riboflavin), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dietary Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) and Cornea Cross-Linking
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual rehabilitation in keratoconus by altering corneal shape using the corneal crosslinking pen: initial results.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Observation and assessment of the immediate use of a silicon hydrogel contact lens after transepithelial corneal cross linking: a prospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Biomechanical assessments of high-fluence corneal cross-linking with supplemental oxygen using optical coherence elastography inJournal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Short-term retinal microvascular and structural changes after epi-on and epi-off corneal cross-linking assessed by SD-OCTA.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Regional Biomechanical and Topographic Changes after Transepithelial vs. Epithelium-off Continuous Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking in Keratoconus: Updated Stress-Strain Index as a Superior Biomarker.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Clinical Experience with Scleral Lens Wear After Corneal Cross-Linking in Keratoconus: Longitudinal Keratometric Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Critical Role of Oxygen Supplementation in Epithelium-On Corneal Cross-Linking: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Bridging gaps in corneal ulcer management: Can photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking delay or replace therapeutic keratoplasty?World journal of transplantation · 2026Article
- Review
- The Future of Interventional Keratoconus Management: Perspectives on Integrating Epithelium-on Oxygen-Enriched Cross-Linking into Comprehensive Care Pathways.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Article
- Precise Epithelium Removal for Ectatic Corneas Technique in Corneal Collagen Crosslinking (PERFECT-CXL): Technique Description and Clinical Outcomes.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights Into PPIP5K2 Function and Its Impact on Corneal Energy Metabolism.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Exploring biomarkers for keratoconus: current insights and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Pulsed light epithelium-off accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking with 30mW/cmInternational ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Can the combination of citicoline and vitamin B12 be beneficial in the healing of corneal nerves after corneal cross-linking?International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Ineffectiveness of KeraVio Treatment with Violet Light-Emitting Glasses Without Riboflavin Drops for Progressive Keratoconus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Individual Risk Assessment and Prognostication of Outcomes After Corneal Cross-Linking.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Novel variations in the PLOD1, COL1A1, COL5A2 and COL4A1 genes related to keratoconus.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of interrupted corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Corneal cross-linking (CXL) using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) light has become a useful treatment option for not only corneal ectasias, such as keratoconus, but also a number of other corneal diseases. Riboflavin is a photoactivated chromophore that plays an integral role in facilitating collagen crosslinking. Modifications to its formulation and administration have been proposed to overcome shortcomings of the original epithelium-off Dresden CXL protocol and increase its applicability across various clinical scenarios. Hypoosmolar riboflavin formulations have been used to artificially thicken thin corneas prior to cross-linking to mitigate safety concerns regarding the corneal endothelium, whereas hyperosmolar formulations have been used to reduce corneal oedema when treating bullous keratopathy. Transepithelial protocols incorporate supplementary topical medications such as tetracaine, benzalkonium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and trometamol to disrupt the corneal epithelium and improve corneal penetration of riboflavin. Further assistive techniques include use of iontophoresis and other wearable adjuncts to facilitate epithelium-on riboflavin administration. Recent advances include, Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis-Corneal Cross-linking (PACK-CXL) for treatment of infectious keratitis, customised protocols (CurV) utilising riboflavin coupled with customised UVA shapes to induce targeted stiffening have further induced interest in the field. This review aims to examine the latest advances in riboflavin and UVA administration, and their efficacy and safety in treating a range of corneal diseases. With such diverse riboflavin delivery options, CXL is well primed to complement the armamentarium of therapeutic options available for the treatment of a variety of corneal diseases.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.