ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
Prevalence and Predictors of Prolonged Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms Following COVID-19 in the United States.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Psychometric evaluation of PROMISQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The Development and Initial Validation of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Long COVID (MSAS-LC): A Promising Tool for Measuring Long COVID.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Psychological factors associated with Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Long COVID among US adults from a population-based study: Association with vaccination, cigarette smoking, and the modifying effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Adult Survivors Experiencing Long-Term Effects After COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2024Review
- Social Inequalities in Long-Term Health Effects After COVID-19-A Scoping Review.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- The Assessment of Post-COVID Fatigue and Its Relationship to the Severity and Duration of Acute COVID Illness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral Symptom Patterns in an International Sample of Spanish-Speakers with a History of COVID-19 and Controls.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Life stressors significantly impact long-term outcomes and post-acute symptoms 12-months after COVID-19 hospitalization.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2022Article
- Functional and psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatic patients' quality of life in Saudi Arabia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Moderate, Little, or No Improvements in Neurobehavioral Symptoms among Individuals with Long COVID: A 34-Country Retrospective Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Demographic and social determinants of cognitive dysfunction following hospitalization for COVID-19.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2022Article
- Trajectories of Neurologic Recovery 12 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Neurology · 2022Article
- Health-related quality of life and social determinants of health following COVID-19 infection in a predominantly Latino population.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2022Article
- Factors associated with impaired quality of life three months after being diagnosed with COVID-19.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.Nature medicine · 2022Review
- Neurological, haemodynamic and metabolic disturbs are prevalent symptoms in oral surgeons with post-COVID-19.Oral surgery · 2022Article
- Psychological Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Insights into Pathophysiology and Risk Factors of Long COVID-19.Biology · 2022Review
- Incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA.Brain communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesLittle is known regarding the prevalence and predictors of prolonged cognitive and psychological symptoms of COVID-19 among community-dwellers. We aimed to quantitatively measure self-reported metrics of fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and sleep and identify factors associated with these metrics among United States residents with or without COVID-19.
methodsWe solicited 1000 adult United States residents for an online survey conducted February 3-5, 2021 utilizing a commercial crowdsourcing community research platform. The platform curates eligible participants to approximate United States demographics by age, sex, and race proportions. COVID-19 was diagnosed by laboratory testing and/or by exposure to a known positive contact with subsequent typical symptoms. Prolonged COVID-19 was self-reported and coded for those with symptoms ≥ 1 month following initial diagnosis. The primary outcomes were NIH PROMIS/Neuro-QoL short-form T-scores for fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and sleep compared among those with prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, COVID-19 without prolonged symptoms and COVID-19 negative subjects. Multivariable backwards step-wise logistic regression models were constructed to predict abnormal Neuro-QoL metrics.
resultsAmong 999 respondents, the average age was 45 years (range 18-84), 49% were male, 76 (7.6%) had a history of COVID-19 and 19/76 (25%) COVID-19 positive participants reported prolonged symptoms lasting a median of 4 months (range 1-13). Prolonged COVID-19 participants were more often younger, female, Hispanic, and had a history of depression/mood/thought disorder (all
conclusionProlonged symptoms occurred in 25% of COVID-19 positive participants, and NeuroQoL cognitive dysfunction scores were significantly worse among COVID-19 positive subjects, even after accounting for demographic and stressor covariates. Fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep scores did not differ between COVID-19 positive and negative respondents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.