ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Increased Serum Neurofilament Light and Thin Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Are Additive Risk Factors for Disease Activity in Early Multiple Sclerosis.
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Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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34citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serum neurofilament light chain and multiple sclerosis prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Longitudinal Measures as Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- The role of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Serum neurofilament light chain levels at attack predict post-attack disability worsening and are mitigated by inebilizumab: analysis of four potential biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Retinal Layer Thickness for Risk Stratification of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Brain and behavior · 2026Observational
- Article
- Propionic acid in multiple sclerosis: a phase 2b, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Serum Neurofilament Light Is Associated With Future Disease Activity in Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Early Multiple Sclerosis Only After Non-Optic Neuritis Onset.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Effects of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Optic Nerve Degeneration in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Investigating T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of disease activity, axonal injury, and disability in multiple sclerosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Steps toward the implementation of neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis: patient profiles to be prioritized in clinical practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A multimodal approach to distinguish multiple sclerosis phenotypes at diagnosis using biomarker profiles.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Multimodal Longitudinal Optical Imaging Reveals Optic Neuritis Preceding Retinal Pathology in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Individual Prognostication of Disease Activity and Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis With Retinal Layer ThicknessNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Evolution of retinal degeneration and prediction of disease activity in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis.Nature communications · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Ting-Yi LinFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Viktoriya VitkovaFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Susanna AsseyerFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Ivette Martorell SerraFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Seyedamirhosein MotamediFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Claudia ChienFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.ORCID 0000-0001-8280-9513
Marc DitzhausFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Athina PapadopoulouFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Pascal BenkertFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.ORCID 0000-0001-6525-8174
Jens KuhleFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Judith Bellmann-StroblFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.ORCID 0000-0003-2615-1643
Klemens RuprechtFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Friedemann PaulFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.
Alexander U BrandtFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine.ORCID 0000-0002-9768-014X
Hanna G ZimmermannFrom the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., V.V., S.A., I.M.S., S.M., C.C., A.P., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B., H.G.Z.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Statistics (M.D.), TU Dortmund University, Germany; Neurology Clinic and Policlinic (A.P., J.K.), MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel; Clinical Trial Unit (P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California, Irvine. hanna.zimmermann@charite.de.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association of combined serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements with future disease activity in patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsWe analyzed sNfL by single molecule array technology and performed OCT measurements in a prospective cohort of 78 patients with clinically isolated syndrome and early relapsing-remitting MS with a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 23.9 (23.3-24.7) months. Patients were grouped into those with abnormal or normal sNfL levels, defined as sNfL ≥/<80th percentile of age-corrected reference values. Likewise, patients were grouped by a median split into those with thin or thick ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and inner nuclear layer in nonoptic neuritis eyes. Outcome parameters were violation of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) criteria or its components.
resultsPatients with abnormal baseline sNfL had a higher risk of violating NEDA-3 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.28, 95% CI 1.27-4.09,
conclusionsIn patients with early MS, the presence of both abnormal sNfL and thin GCIP is a stronger risk factor for future disease activity than the presence of each parameter alone.
Indexed as
AdultFemaleHumansMaleMultiple SclerosisNeurofilament ProteinsRetinal Ganglion CellsRisk FactorsTomography, Optical CoherenceYoung Adultneurofilament protein LNeurofilament Proteins
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