ArticleNutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD2021
Metabolic syndrome and the risk of COVID-19 infection: A nationwide population-based case-control study.
Article in Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic Role of Metabolic Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- An Overview of the Effects of Exercise on Viral Infection in Obesity: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity in familial clustering of metabolic syndrome components in the multiethnic GENNID study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- "Does Physical Exercise Promote Health Benefits for Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic?": A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of glucose homeostasis as mediators of the relationship of body mass index and waist circumference with COVID-19 outcomes among postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Article
- Sex Differences among Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients Requiring Oxygen Support Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Associated With Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Without Comorbidities Including Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia: A Propensity Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Changes in Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Food Security Among Study Participants With Metabolic Syndrome During a COVID-19-Mandated Research Pause.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Global Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients and its Treatment: A Systematic Review.Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome: Review in the Era of COVID-19.Clinical nutrition research · 2022Review
- Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MetS on the risk and severity of COVID-19. METHODS AND
resultsWe investigated a nationwide cohort with COVID-19 including all patients who underwent the test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Korea. The COVID-19 group included 4070 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and the age- and sex-matched control group included 27,618 subjects with negative SARS-CoV-2 test results. The endpoints were SARS-CoV-2 positivity and the severity of COVID-19. The prevalence of MetS was 24.7% and 24.5% in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively. The presence of MetS was not associated with the risk of developing COVID-19. Among the components of MetS, central obesity was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.28, P = 0.001). The presence of MetS was significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.78-2.00, P = 0.352). Among the individual components of MetS, prediabetes/diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.21-2.13, P = 0.001). The risk of severe COVID-19 linearly increased according to the number of metabolic components (P for trend = 0.005).
conclusionIn this nationwide cohort study, the individuals with MetS had a significant increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. These patients, particularly those with central obesity and insulin resistance, deserve special attention amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
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