ArticleBMC public health2021
Co-distribution of Light At Night (LAN) and COVID-19 incidence in the United States.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agitation, Alzheimer's disease, and autophagy: mechanistic insights into aging pathways, gut microbiome, and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The effect of urban-rail station area coverage on city blocks' epidemic transmission: the case of the rail-supportive city of Beijing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of artificial light at night affecting circadian rhythm disturbance.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Associations between nighttime light and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the United States.International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation : ITC journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLight at night (LAN) as a circadian disruption factor may affect the human immune system and consequently increase an individual's susceptibility to the severity of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 infections spread differently in each state in the United States (US). The current analysis aimed to test whether there is an association between LAN and COVID-19 cases in 4 selected US states: Connecticut, New York, California, and Texas.
methodsWe analyzed clustering patterns of COVID-19 cases in ArcMap and performed a multiple linear regression model using data of LAN and COVID-19 incidence with adjustment for confounding variables including population density, percent below poverty, and racial factors.
resultsHotspots of LAN and COVID-19 cases are located in large cities or metro-centers for all 4 states. LAN intensity is associated with cases/1 k for overall and lockdown durations in New York and Connecticut (P < 0.001), but not in Texas and California. The overall case rates are significantly associated with LAN in New York (P < 0.001) and Connecticut (P < 0.001).
conclusionsWe observed a significant positive correlation between LAN intensity and COVID-19 cases-rate/1 k, suggesting that circadian disruption of ambient light may increase the COVID-19 infection rate possibly by affecting an individual's immune functions. Furthermore, differences in the demographic structure and lockdown policies in different states play an important role in COVID-19 infections.
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