Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34348694›Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2021

Endogenous estrogen exposure and chronic kidney disease; a 15-year prospective cohort study.

Maryam Farahmand, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Davood Khalili, Leila Cheraghi, Fereidoun Azizi

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Overlooked Syndrome?Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Maryam FarahmandReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fahimeh Ramezani TehraniReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ramezani@endocrine.ac.ir.
Davood KhaliliPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Leila CheraghiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fereidoun AziziEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IRResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite strong evidence demonstrating the role of estrogen as a protective factor for kidney function in women, limited data are available regarding the influence of endogenous estrogen exposure (EEE) on chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to assess the incidence of CKD in women with various levels of EEE.

methodsIn a prospective population-based study over a 15-year follow-up, a total of 3043 eligible women aged 30-70 years, participating in Tehran-Lipid and Glucose-Study were recruited and divided into two groups (EEE < 11 and EEE ≥ 11 years). EEE calculated based on age at menarche, age at menopause, number and duration of pregnancies, lactation, and duration of oral contraceptive use after excluding the progesterone dominant phase of the menstrual cycle. Cox's proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the hazard ratio of CKD between the study groups, after adjusting for confounders.

resultsThe total cumulative incidence rate of CKD was 50.1 per 1000 person years; 95% CI: 47.7-52.6); this was 53.9 (95%CI, 50.2-57.8) and 47.1 (95%CI, 44.0-50.4) per 1000 person years in women with EEE < 11 and EEE ≥ 11 years, respectively. The model adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes showed that the hazard ratio (HR) of incidence CKD in women with EEE < 11 compare to those with EEE ≥ 11 years in the subgroup of women aged< 45 years was 2.66(95% CI, 2.2, 3.2), whereas, in the subgroup aged ≥45 years, it was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.4).

conclusionThis study shows a higher HR of CKD incidence in women with low EEE levels in their later life. Screening of these women for CKD may be recommended.

Indexed as

AdultAgedEstrogensFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateHumansIncidenceIranMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk FactorsTime FactorsEstrogensChronic kidney disease (CKD)Endogenous estrogen exposureEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)MenarcheMenopause

Identifiers

PMID34348694
PMCPMC8336110
OpenAlexW3190265614

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.