ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Longitudinal measurement invariance of the patient health questionnaire in a German sample.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among patients receiving pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: A secondary analysis of clinical trial data.Psychological assessment · 2024Trial
- The bidirectional relationship between depression and perceived social support among college freshmen: evidence from longitudinal and daily diary methods.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-Four in China.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Identifying a stable and generalizable factor structure of major depressive disorder across three large longitudinal cohorts.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) is a screening questionnaire of depressive symptoms. However, it is unknown whether it is equivalent across time and between groups of individuals. The aim of our paper was to test whether the PHQ-8 has the same meaning in two groups of individuals over time.
methodsPrimary care patients were proactively recruited from three German cities. PHQ-8 data from a baseline assessment (n = 588), two assessments during the intervention (n = 246/225), and a six (n = 437) and 12 months (n = 447) follow-up assessment were first used to examine the factor structure of the PHQ-8 by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The best fitting factor solution was then used to test longitudinal invariance across time and between intervention and control group by Multiple Group CFA.
resultsA two-factor structure consistently showed the best model fit. Only configural longitudinal invariance was evidenced when the baseline assessment was included in the analysis. Without the baseline assessment, strict longitudinal invariance was shown across the intervention and the follow-up assessments. Scalar invariance was established between the intervention and control group for the baseline assessment and strict invariance between groups and across the 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments.
conclusionsThe lack of longitudinal invariance might be attributed to various differences between the baseline assessments and all following assessments, e.g., assessment mode (iPad vs telephone), potential changes in symptom perception, and setting.
trial registrationDRKS0001163 5, date of trial registration: 20.01.2017; DRKS00011637 , date of trial registration: 25.01.2017.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.