ReviewCritical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems2021
Role of In Vitro Models for Development of Ophthalmic Delivery Systems.
Review in Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical Evaluation of Key Elements in Manufacturing Procedures and Testing Methodologies for Ocular Anti-Infective Thin Film Inserts.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MegaEye: Applying multiple machine learning approaches to identify oral compounds with ocular bioactivity.Artificial intelligence in the life sciences · 2025Article
- Organoids: their emerging essential role in pathological mechanisms and drug discovery of diabetes and its complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Diffusion of nanoparticles in heterogeneous hydrogels as vitreous humour in vitro substitutes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tissue Engineering and Ophthalmology.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Development of ARPE-19-Equipped Ocular Cell Model for In Vitro Investigation on Ophthalmic Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Biophysical, Molecular and Proteomic Profiling of Human Retinal Organoid-Derived Exosomes.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Biomechanical analysis of ocular diseases and its in vitro study methods.Biomedical engineering online · 2022Review
- A review for cell-based screening methods in drug discovery.Biophysics reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is emergent need for in vitro models which are physiologically correct, easy to reproduce, and mimic characteristic functionalities of desired tissue, organ, or diseases state for ophthalmic drug screening, as well as disease modeling. To date, a variety of in vitro models have been developed for the applications ranging from 2D cell culture-based monolayers, multilayer, or co-culture models, to 3-dimensional (3D) organoids, 3D printed and organ on chip systems. Each model has its own pros and cons. While simple models are easier to create, and faster to reproduce, they lack recapitulation of the complex framework, functionalities, and properties of tissues or their subunits. Recent advancements in technologies and integration with tissue engineering and involvement of microfluidic systems have offered novel platforms which can better mimic the in vivo microenvironment, thus possessing potential in transformation of ophthalmic drug development. In this review we summarize existing in vitro ocular models while discussing applicability, drawbacks associated with them, and possible future applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.