ArticleAging2021
The role of age at menarche and age at menopause in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.
Article in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Summarizing attributable factors and evaluating risk of bias of Mendelian randomization studies for Alzheimer's dementia and cognitive status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Reproductive Fitness and the Links to Chronic Disease and Systemic Aging.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- No causal links between estradiol and female's brain and mental health using Mendelian randomization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Causal associations of inflammatory cytokines and urinary stones: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Iron status and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations between Sjogren syndrome and psychiatric disorders in European populations: a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and their association with physical and comprehensive frailty in middle-aged and older women: a large-scale population-based study.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Among men, androgens are associated with a decrease in Alzheimer's disease risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Evaluation for causal effects of socioeconomic traits on risk of female genital prolapse (FGP): a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Genetic evidence for causal relationships between age at natural menopause and the risk of ageing-associated adverse health outcomes.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- An integrated genome and phenome-wide association study approach to understanding Alzheimer's disease predisposition.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
- Causal relationship between insomnia and tuberculosis: A bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis.Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The association between endogenous estrogen exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive in previous observational studies, and few Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have focused on their causality thus far. We performed a bidirectional MR study to clarify the causality and causal direction of age at menarche and age at menopause, which are indicators of endogenous estrogen exposure, on AD risk. We obtained all genetic datasets for the MR analyses using publicly available summary statistics based on individuals of European ancestry from the IEU GWAS database. The MR analyses indicated no significant causal relationship between the genetically determined age at menarche (outlier-adjusted inverse variance weighted odds ratio [IVWOR] = 0.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.803-1.066) or age at menopause (outlier-adjusted IVWOR = 0.981; 95% CI, 0.941-1.022) and AD risk. Similarly, AD did not show any causal association with age at menarche or age at menopause. The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. In contrast, an inverse association was detected between age at menarche and body mass index (BMI, outlier-adjusted IVW β = -0.043; 95% CI, -0.077 to -0.009). Our bidirectional MR study provides no evidence for a causal relationship between the genetically determined age at menarche or age at menopause and AD susceptibility, or vice versa. However, earlier menarche might be associated with higher adult BMI.
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