Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34347535›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of radiology2021

Automatic segmentation of lung tumors on CT images based on a 2D & 3D hybrid convolutional neural network.

Wutian Gan, Hao Wang, Hengle Gu, Yanhua Duan, Yan Shao, Hua Chen, Aihui Feng, Ying Huang, Xiaolong Fu, Yanchen Ying and 2 more

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

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0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. TCIA Radiology Image Processing for AI and Radiomics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  6. Deep learning for autosegmentation for radiotherapy treatment planning: State-of-the-art and novel perspectives.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025
    Review
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  20. A Review of Artificial Intelligence Application for Radiotherapy.Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wutian GanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hao WangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hengle GuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yanhua DuanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yan ShaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hua ChenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Aihui FengDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ying HuangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaolong FuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yanchen YingDepartment of Radiation Physics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China.
Hong QuanSchool of Physics and Technology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
Zhiyong XuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveA stable and accurate automatic tumor delineation method has been developed to facilitate the intelligent design of lung cancer radiotherapy process. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an automatic tumor segmentation network for lung cancer on CT images based on deep learning.

methodsIn this paper, a hybrid convolution neural network (CNN) combining 2D CNN and 3D CNN was implemented for the automatic lung tumor delineation using CT images. 3D CNN used V-Net model for the extraction of tumor context information from CT sequence images. 2D CNN used an encoder-decoder structure based on dense connection scheme, which could expand information flow and promote feature propagation. Next, 2D features and 3D features were fused through a hybrid module. Meanwhile, the hybrid CNN was compared with the individual 3D CNN and 2D CNN, and three evaluation metrics, Dice, Jaccard and Hausdorff distance (HD), were used for quantitative evaluation. The relationship between the segmentation performance of hybrid network and the GTV volume size was also explored.

resultsThe newly introduced hybrid CNN was trained and tested on a dataset of 260 cases, and could achieve a median value of 0.73, with mean and stand deviation of 0.72 ± 0.10 for the Dice metric, 0.58 ± 0.13 and 21.73 ± 13.30 mm for the Jaccard and HD metrics, respectively. The hybrid network significantly outperformed the individual 3D CNN and 2D CNN in the three examined evaluation metrics (

conclusionsThe implemented hybrid CNN was able to achieve good lung tumor segmentation performance on CT images. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The hybrid CNN has valuable prospect with the ability to segment lung tumor.

Indexed as

Neural Networks, ComputerTomography, X-Ray ComputedHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalLung NeoplasmsRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Identifiers

PMID34347535
PMCPMC9328064

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.