ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2022
Analysis of cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with immune-checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis: a cross-sectional case-control study.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte patterns in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Therapy: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.Drug safety · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond Acute Infection: A Conceptual Framework Linking Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens to Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Carcinogenesis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Long-term survival with tocilizumab treatment for tislelizumab-related pneumonitis in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- [Advances in Radiomics for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Pulmonary toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Compartmental analysis of the pulmonary proteome reveals novel functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Risk factors and outcomes for steroid-refractory immune-related hepatotoxicity in locally advanced and metastatic cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Is Immunotherapy a Contraindication for Treating Lung Cancer Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases? A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- From inflammatory phenotypes to clinical decisions: a stratified diagnostic and therapeutic framework for CIP.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis evaluation: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Heterogeneity of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Pneumonitis: A Multicenter Study on Inflammatory Subtypes and Clinical Outcomes.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: From friend to foe.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Clinical management of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: Focus, challenges, and future directions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with and without checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Advances in the mechanisms, imaging characteristics and management strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A combination of lymphatic drug delivery of anti-CTLA-4 antibody and local radiotherapy for solid-tumor treatment.Cancer science · 2024Article
- Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeImmune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) present a new treatment for malignancies by boosting the immune system. This has led to a variety of immune-related adverse events, including ICI-associated pneumonitis (ICIaP). Diagnosis thereof is often challenging, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. The aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was to investigate cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) expressed in patients with ICIaP compared to controls consisting of healthy individuals, patients with lung cancer and patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) other than ICIaP.
methodsFrom January 2018 until June 2019, 401 adult patients with various lung diseases were prospectively enrolled in a BALF- and serum biobank, called BALOTHEK. Of these, 12 patients were diagnosed with ICIaP (Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, or both, and Durvalumab) serving as case group. Subjects with one of three diagnosis groups from BALOTHEK, including lung cancer, ILD other than ICIaP, and healthy individuals, served as matched controls. The following 11 cytokines were simultaneously analyzed in BALF and serum of each study participant: interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13 and IL-17A. This study was approved by the local ethic review committee (BASEC-ID 2017-02,307 and 2018-01,724).
resultsAbsolute number and percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of patients with ICIaP were significantly higher compared to control groups. For the investigated cytokines in BALF, a significant increase of IL-6 level was shown for patients with ICIaP compared to control groups (p = 0.031, adjusted for multiple comparisons).
conclusionCytokine profile assessed in BALF shows promising potential for facilitating diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology of ICIaP. IL-6 may not only contribute to better understanding of pathophysiology but also herald therapeutic implications for Tocilizumab.
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