ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2021
Functional Connectivity in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predicts Long-Term Language and Preliteracy Outcomes.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of interactive reading on young children's narrative abilities: a meta-analytic study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Adult-to-infant unidirectional neural coupling mediates selective social learning in infants from the United Kingdom and Singapore.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural and functional connectivity in infancy relate to communication skills at age 2 in children born very preterm.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Scanning Dos and Don'ts: Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Children Aged 3 to 5 Years to Assess Brain Structure and Function.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Predictive associations between brain functional connectivity, motor abilities, and executive function development in early childhood: a longitudinal machine learning study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Spatial development of brain networks during the first six postnatal months.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Edge participation coefficient unveiling the developmental dynamics of neonatal functional connectome.Communications biology · 2025Article
- A hierarchical model of early brain functional network development.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship with literacy development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship to literacy development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between language network characteristics in the infant brain and school-age reading abilities are mediated by early-developing phonological skills.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations between language network characteristics in the infant brain and school-age reading abilities are mediated by early-developing phonological skills.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mapping brain function in adults and young children during naturalistic viewing with high-density diffuse optical tomography.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Leveraging brain science for impactful advocacy and policymaking: The synergistic partnership between developmental cognitive neuroscientists and a parent-led grassroots movement to drive dyslexia prevention policy and legislation.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Sources of Heterogeneity in Functional Connectivity During English Word Processing in Bilingual and Monolingual Children.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Patterns of Neural Functional Connectivity in Infants at Familial Risk of Developmental Dyslexia.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Resting-state functional connectivity identifies individuals and predicts age in 8-to-26-month-olds.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Role of Visual Experience in Individual Differences of Brain Connectivity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Visual Occipito-Temporal N1 Sensitivity to Digits Across Elementary School.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) techniques can delineate brain organization as early as infancy, enabling the characterization of early brain characteristics associated with subsequent behavioral outcomes. Previous studies have identified specific functional networks in infant brains that underlie cognitive abilities and pathophysiology subsequently observed in toddlers and preschoolers. However, it is unknown whether and how functional networks emerging within the first 18 months of life contribute to the development of higher order, complex functions of language/literacy at school-age. This 5-year longitudinal imaging project starting in infancy, utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and demonstrated prospective associations between FC in infants/toddlers and subsequent language and foundational literacy skills at 6.5 years old. These longitudinal associations were shown independently of key environmental influences and further present in a subsample of infant imaging data (≤12 months), suggesting early emerged functional networks specifically linked to high-order language and preliteracy skills. Moreover, emergent language skills in infancy and toddlerhood contributed to the prospective associations, implicating a role of early linguistic experiences in shaping the FC correlates of long-term oral language skills. The current results highlight the importance of functional organization established in infancy and toddlerhood as a neural scaffold underlying the learning process of complex cognitive functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.