ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021
Revealing Public Opinion Towards COVID-19 Vaccines With Twitter Data in the United States: Spatiotemporal Perspective.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Spatio-Temporal COVID-19 Modeling: A Global Systematic Review of Data Integration, Equity, and Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Federal Cuts and Public Health: Social Media Sentiment Among Federal Employees.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Comparison of Mask-Wearing Behavior on Social Media and Its Relationship With Demographic Characteristics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Data Analysis Between the United States and Japan.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Tools With Human Coding for Sentiment, Topic, and Thematic Analysis Tasks of Public Health Datasets During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia: Case Study.Online journal of public health informatics · 2026Article
- Themes, Policies, and Attention Shifts Regarding COVID-19 Vaccinations in German-Speaking Regions: Infoveillance Study Using Tweets.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- "Life as We Knew It": Continued Challenges in Getting Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccinations Amongst Black and Latinx Michigan Residents.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Beliefs and Attitudes of Hesitant Spaniards Towards COVID-19 Vaccines: "A Personal Decision".Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring Topics, Emotions, and Sentiments in Health Organization Posts and Public Responses on Instagram: Content Analysis.JMIR infodemiology · 2025Article
- Insight into public sentiment and demand in China's public health emergency response: a weibo data analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A public opinion propagation model for technological disasters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Improving entity recognition using ensembles of deep learning and fine-tuned large language models: A case study on adverse event extraction from VAERS and social media.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2025Article
- Understanding Citizens' Response to Social Activities on Twitter in US Metropolises During the COVID-19 Recovery Phase Using a Fine-Tuned Large Language Model: Application of AI.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Modelling the mitigation of anti-vaccine opinion propagation to suppress epidemic spread: A computational approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- The shifting landscape of vaccine discourse: Insights from a decade of pre- to post-COVID-19 vaccine posts on social media.PloS one · 2025Article
- An optimized public opinion communication system in social media networks based on K-means cluster analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Long COVID Discourse in Canada, the United States, and Europe: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Trust in the science behind COVID-19 vaccines as a driver of vaccine acceptance in the United States, 2021-2023.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Complexity of Perinatal Polysubstance Use Disclosure Patterns on X: Mixed Methods Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Differences in Fear and Negativity Levels Between Formal and Informal Health-Related Websites: Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Frequency of vaccine hesitancy among patients with advanced cancer.Palliative & supportive care · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a large, initially uncontrollable, public health crisis both in the United States and across the world, with experts looking to vaccines as the ultimate mechanism of defense. The development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly advancing via global efforts. Hence, it is crucial for governments, public health officials, and policy makers to understand public attitudes and opinions towards vaccines, such that effective interventions and educational campaigns can be designed to promote vaccine acceptance.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate public opinion and perception on COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. We investigated the spatiotemporal trends of public sentiment and emotion towards COVID-19 vaccines and analyzed how such trends relate to popular topics found on Twitter.
methodsWe collected over 300,000 geotagged tweets in the United States from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We examined the spatiotemporal patterns of public sentiment and emotion over time at both national and state scales and identified 3 phases along the pandemic timeline with sharp changes in public sentiment and emotion. Using sentiment analysis, emotion analysis (with cloud mapping of keywords), and topic modeling, we further identified 11 key events and major topics as the potential drivers to such changes.
resultsAn increasing trend in positive sentiment in conjunction with a decrease in negative sentiment were generally observed in most states, reflecting the rising confidence and anticipation of the public towards vaccines. The overall tendency of the 8 types of emotion implies that the public trusts and anticipates the vaccine. This is accompanied by a mixture of fear, sadness, and anger. Critical social or international events or announcements by political leaders and authorities may have potential impacts on public opinion towards vaccines. These factors help identify underlying themes and validate insights from the analysis.
conclusionsThe analyses of near real-time social media big data benefit public health authorities by enabling them to monitor public attitudes and opinions towards vaccine-related information in a geo-aware manner, address the concerns of vaccine skeptics, and promote the confidence that individuals within a certain region or community have towards vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.