ArticleDiabetologia2021
Diabetes and the risk of hospitalisation for infection: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Foot-Related Hospitalisations in Adults With and Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Pooled it
- Antidiabetic Effects of Anthocyanins on Pancreatic β-Cell Function: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2022Pooled it
- Plasma Proteins Associated with Whole Grains and Fiber Intake in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Proteomics Analysis of Plasma for Risk of Sepsis: Findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Infectious Diseases: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Review
- Review
- COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Mortality and Years of Life Lost from Diabetes Mellitus in Poland: A Register-Based Study (2000-2022).Nutrients · 2024Article
- Plasma proteins associated with plant-based diets: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Framingham Heart Study (FHS).Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Article
- Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Diabetic Foot Infections in a Major Research Hospital of Turkey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metformin and the risks of cellulitis, foot infections, and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- Nonrelapse mortality after CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: a LYSA study from the DESCAR-T registry.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels predict outcome in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect and Mechanism of Sodium Butyrate on Neuronal Recovery and Prognosis in Diabetic Stroke.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Diabetic foot disease and the risk of major clinical outcomes.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Evaluating Ethnic Variations in the Risk of Infections in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Matched Cohort Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Diabetes and infectious disease mortality in Mexico City.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Diabetes care · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this work was to assess the association between diabetes and risk for infection-related hospitalisation and mortality.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/l or non-fasting glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l, self-report of a diagnosis of diabetes by a physician, or current diabetes medication use. Hospitalisation for infection was ascertained from hospital discharge records. Participants were followed from 1987-1989 to 2019.
resultsWe included 12,379 participants (mean age 54.5 years; 24.7% Black race; 54.3% female sex). During a median follow-up of 23.8 years, there were 4229 new hospitalisations for infection. After adjusting for potential confounders, people with (vs without) diabetes at baseline had a higher risk for hospitalisation for infection (HR 1.67 [95% CI 1.52, 1.83]). Results were generally consistent across infection type but the association was especially pronounced for foot infection (HR 5.99 [95% CI 4.38, 8.19]). Diabetes was more strongly associated with hospitalisation for infection in younger participants and Black people. Overall infection mortality was low (362 deaths due to infection) but the adjusted risk was increased for people with diabetes (HR 1.72 [95% CI 1.28, 2.31]). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationDiabetes confers significant risk for infection-related hospitalisation. Enhancing prevention and early treatment of infection in those with diabetes is needed to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.