Trial reportCurrent microbiology2021
Viable and Heat-Killed Probiotic Strains Improve Oral Immunity by Elevating the IgA Concentration in the Oral Mucosa.
Trial report in Current microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2024Trial
- The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- A Three-Arm, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety ofNutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Impact of the food grade heat-killed probiotic and postbiotic oral lozenges in oral hygiene.Aging · 2022Trial
- Postbiotics: An Overview and Recommendations for Improved Reporting.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Streptococcus salivarius CCFM1416 Modulates Oral Immunity via IL-17/IKBζ and Combats Candida albicans Infection.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Host-microbiome-immune disequilibrium in oral disease: mechanisms, dysbiosis, and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 Cell Wall (Formerly Classified as a Prebiotic): Exploring In Vitro and In Vivo Benefits.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Postbiotics Derived fromNutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- The Mechanisms and Application Value of Postbiotics in Caries Prevention and Management.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Review
- Emerging strategies for combatingExploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Probiotics: Potential Benefits and Safety in Hematological Malignancies.Galen medical journal · 2024Review
- Safety Assessment and Probiotic Potential Comparison ofNutrients · 2023Article
- Knowledge and Attitude towards Probiotics among Dental Students and Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Dentistry journal · 2023Article
- Effects ofIranian journal of veterinary research · 2023Article
- Immunoglobulin Disorders and the Oral Cavity: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral-nasal mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in protecting the body against bacterial and viral invasion. Safe probiotic products have been used to enhance human immunity and oral health. In this study, we verified the beneficial effects of mixed viable probiotic tablets, consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, and Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, and heat-killed probiotic tablets, consisting of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66, on oral immunity among 45 healthy participants. Participants were randomly divided into viable probiotic, heat-killed probiotic, and placebo groups. The administration of treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus mutans populations and IgA concentration were measured. IgA concentrations, levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs cells were quantified by ELISA method. Results showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly increased on administration of both the viable (119.30 ± 12.63%, ***P < 0.001) and heat-killed (116.78 ± 12.28%, ***P < 0.001) probiotics for 4 weeks. Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced on viable probiotic tablet administration (49.60 ± 31.01%, ***P < 0.001). The in vitro antibacterial test confirmed that viable probiotics effectively limited the survival rate of oral pathogens. Thus, this clinical pilot study demonstrated that oral probiotic tablets both in viable form or heat-killed form could exert beneficial effects on oral immunity via IL-10, TGB-beta mediated IgA secretion. The effective dosage of viable probiotic content in the oral tablet was 10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.