ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Anxiety, depression, insomnia, and trauma-related symptoms following COVID-19 infection at long-term follow-up.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and symptoms of Long Covid-19 in the workplace.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The global evolution of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Digital Interventions Addressing Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms in Long COVID: Scoping Review of Multicomponent Approaches.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Article
- Insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Suitability of just-in-time adaptive intervention in post-COVID-19-related symptoms: A systematic scoping review.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Subjective cognitive, psychiatric, and fatigue symptoms two years after COVID-19: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Long-term Effects of COVID-19 on Sleep PatternsThoracic research and practice · 2025Article
- A longitudinal study to COVID-19 infection among university students: Physical fitness changes and psychological responses.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2025Article
- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Peruvian military: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- NRICM101 in combatting COVID-19 induced brain fog: Neuroprotective effects and neurovascular integrity preservation in hACE2 mice.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Timing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk for preterm birth and related adverse events: with a consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic period.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2024Article
- Three-Month Follow-Up of the Post-COVID Syndrome after Admission to a Specialised Post-COVID Centre-A Prospective Study Focusing on Mental Health with Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Non-suicidal self-injury among youth students during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychological factors in Jingzhou, China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of short-chain fatty acids in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: a mini-review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Long-term health care costs following COVID-19: implications for pandemic preparedness.The American journal of managed care · 2023Article
- Anxiety and depression played a central role in the COVID-19 mental distress: A network analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Patients' Clinical and Psychological Status in Different COVID-19 Waves in Italy: A Quanti-Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Brain fog in long COVID limits function and health status, independently of hospital severity and preexisting conditions.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A developing finding from the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms seen in COVID-19 survivors. While studies have shown clinically significant rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and trauma-related symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after COVID-19, little is known about how these symptoms evolve over time. Here, we report findings from a cohort study of 52 participants recruited from the greater New York City area following acute COVID-19 infection. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety-related symptoms, the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISS) for sleep-related symptoms, and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) for trauma-related symptoms both at baseline and at long-term (24-60 weeks post-infection) follow-up. We found a high degree of correlation between psychiatric symptom scales within participants. More participants met established cutoffs for clinically significant insomnia and post-traumatic stress at follow-up compared to baseline. Symptom scales for depression, insomnia, and PTSD were increased at long-term follow-up, with only increased PCL-C scores surviving correction for multiple comparisons (Z = 2.92, W = 434,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.