ArticleiScience2021
Reward boosts reinforcement-based motor learning.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dose-response relationship between exercise interventions and motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of haloperidol on motor vigour and movement fusion during sequential reaching.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Isolating error-based and reward-based learning in a real-world task via gradual perturbations in embodied VR.iScience · 2026Article
- Mistakes matter, age doesn't: task outcome modulates implicit motor adaptation similarly in young and older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Neural correlates of individual differences in motor learning under reinforcement contexts.iScience · 2026Article
- Resting-State Activity and Connectivity of Dopaminergic Key Areas and Outcome After a Severe Stroke.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Enforcing a high success percentage interferes with reward-based motor learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Exploring the Impact of Declarative Learning on the Consolidation of Acquired Motor Skills Under Valence Feedback.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- The Use of Extrinsic Performance Feedback and Reward to Enhance Upper Limb Motor Behavior and Recovery Post-Stroke: A Scoping Review.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2025Article
- Article
- Roles and interplay of reinforcement-based and error-based processes during reaching and gait in neurotypical adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Punishment Leads to Greater Sensorimotor Learning But Less Movement Variability Compared to Reward.Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Dopaminergic mesolimbic structural reserve is positively linked to better outcome after severe stroke.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Dopamine Increases Accuracy and Lengthens Deliberation Time in Explicit Motor Skill Learning.eNeuro · 2024Article
- The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Besides relying heavily on sensory and reinforcement feedback, motor skill learning may also depend on the level of motivation experienced during training. Yet, how motivation by reward modulates motor learning remains unclear. In 90 healthy subjects, we investigated the net effect of motivation by reward on motor learning while controlling for the sensory and reinforcement feedback received by the participants. Reward improved motor skill learning beyond performance-based reinforcement feedback. Importantly, the beneficial effect of reward involved a specific potentiation of reinforcement-related adjustments in motor commands, which concerned primarily the most relevant motor component for task success and persisted on the following day in the absence of reward. We propose that the long-lasting effects of motivation on motor learning may entail a form of associative learning resulting from the repetitive pairing of the reinforcement feedback and reward during training, a mechanism that may be exploited in future rehabilitation protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.