ReviewExperimental and therapeutic medicine2021
Molecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: From opioid receptors to inflammatory mediators (Review).
Review in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The analgesic effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin in clinical and preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Relationship between opioid cross-tolerance during buprenorphine stabilization and return to opioid use during buprenorphine dose tapering.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- The neuroimmune-glutamate hypothesis of addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- The changing contribution of fentanyl use to non-fatal overdose among a cohort of people who inject drugs in San Diego, California: A longitudinal assessment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Alpha-pinene modulates hippocampal MAPKs/c-Fos pathways during morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Modulation of immune responses by opioids through toll-like and P2X receptor signaling in COVID-19.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Article
- The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine signaling in the development of morphine tolerance in neuropathic pain.The Korean journal of pain · 2026Article
- Development of an Expert Consensus on Electroacupuncture for Trigeminal Neuralgia Using the Delphi Method: A Study Protocol.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Preventive effects of crocin and meloxicam on morphine withdrawal symptoms in mice: behavioral and biochemical insights.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Low dose naloxone mitigates opioid tolerance and dependence and restores mesenchymal stem cell function for cell therapy in addiction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- KOR agonists for the treatment and/or prevention of opioid use disorder and cocaine use disorder.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Review
- Review
- Benefits ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibromyalgia and the Role of the Endogenous Opioid System.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Molecular and cellular basis of mu-opioid receptor signaling: mechanisms underlying tolerance and dependence development.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- A New Application for Cenicriviroc, a Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist, in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in a Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The influence of drug class on reward in substance use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- The effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist on morphine tolerance.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opioids are considered the most effective analgesics for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. However, prolonged opioid use can induce a certain level of tolerance to its analgesic effects, leading to a reduction in its effectiveness, addiction and abuse. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance may provide insights into this phenomenon and aid in the development of novel methods to combat the side effects of opioid tolerance. The present review focused on two major contributors to tolerance, opioid receptors and inflammatory mediators. The molecular mechanisms involved in the desensitization of the opioid receptors were briefly described, including their phosphorylation, internalisation and recycling. Subsequently, the effects of Toll like receptor 4/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated proinflammatory responses in opioid tolerance were discussed, aiming in supporting the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.